Benefit of Wettability Change Near the Production Well in SAGD
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In a SAGD process, what are the benefits of changing formation wettability near and surrounding a production well from water-wet to oil-wet? Are these benefits, if any, strictly near-wellbore effects or are they reservoir scale? Based on our experimental experiences we investigated these issues numerically. The study indicated that:changing wettability near the production well appeared to have more than near-well effect;in a water-wet reservoir, an oil-wet zone near and surrounding the production well would noticeably shorten the fluid communication time;it would increase oil production rate, at least during early stage of production;water appeared to be partially blocked by the oil-wet zone andthe larger the oil-wet zone, the more apparent these effects were. Introduction The concept of enhancing oil production by changing the wettability surrounding the production well from water-wet to oil-wet in a water-wet reservoir is described in a recent US patent(1). Its applications were demonstrated in lab experiments conducted at Alberta Research Council. In order to examine whether this concept is applicable to field scale SAGD operation, we conduct this numerical study using CMG's STARS. Our studies include:History match the lab test results to validate the numerical model and to learn about possible key parameters;Study the potential impacts of altering wettability near production well on SAGD operation using field scale numerical simulations. HISTORY MATCH OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The lab experiments were done in a 2D visualization cell. A schematic diagram of the rectangular model, 60 cm wide, 21 cm high and 3 cm thick, is shown in Figure 1. The model was packed with sand having a permeability of 300 Darcy and a porosity of about 35%. It was saturated with water. The water was then displaced with Cold Lake bitumen to complete the model saturation. Other parameters are listed in Table 1. The "water-wet" experiment was done with all waterwet sand. The "oil-wet" experiment was done with bottom portion of the cell filled with oil-wet sand. The thickness of the oil-wet zone was 4 cm. The oil wettability was achieved by coating asphaltenes onto the sand grains. Computer Modelling Group's STARS simulator was used for the numerical studies. A rectangular 40 × 1 × 21 grid system, as shown in Table 2, was used to represent the actual physical model cell. The upper and the lower horizontal wells are located in grid blocks (1:20,1,15) and (1:20,1,20), respectively. They are treated as two horizontally placed cylindrical holes with 3/8" diameter and 30 cm long. Therefore, porosities in these grid blocks containing the wells were recalculated according to the following formula: Equation (1) (Available in full paper) It resulted: Ki = 673632.41Darcy, Kj = 92.06Darcy, Kk = 226.11Darcy The calculations are summarized in the Appendix. Bitumen viscosity at various temperatures was measured separately, as listed in Table 3. Its extension to higher temperature by "double-log" fitting is shown in Figure 2.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».