Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Two drilling mud base fluids are reviewed - the semisynthetic PureDrill HT-40 and the fully synthetic fluid PureDrill IA-35. The former is targeted for on-shore applications whereas the latter is used in the more environmentally sensitive offshore and on-shore areas. PureDrill HT-40 is an environmentally superior alternative to diesel; it is non toxic to animals and plants and degrades at a much faster rate than diesel using standard land farming practices. At the same time, despite the radical difference in composition, it is possible to formulate drilling muds for on-shore applications using the same additives as those used to formulate diesel based muds. Additionally, it has been shown that it is possible to drill just as fast with muds based PureDrill HT-40 as it is with diesel mud. Because PureDrill HT-40 has extremely low levels of aromatics and does not possess the very light C7 - C10 hydrocarbons it is far superior to diesel in term of human health and safety. In further contrast to diesel, PureDrill HT-40 is essentially free of carcinogenic polynuclear aromatics. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOSITION Petro Canada manufactures two drilling mud base fluids - PureDrill HT-40 is a semi-synthetic fluid and is designed for on-shore use while the synthetic PureDrill IA-35 is targeted for offshore drilling applications. The latter fluid is more compositionally pure so as to accommodate the more stringent offshore regulatory requirements. PureDrill HT-40 is composed of a blend of severely hydrocracked low tox mineral oil and a synthesized isoparaffin fluid while PureDrill IA-35 is exclusively composed of the synthesized isoparaffins. Severe hydrocracking serves to eliminate the aromatic molecules along with other undesirables such as sulphur and nitrogen containing molecules. The synthetic portion of the PureDrill HT-40 is manufactured through a process known as hydroisomerization and deep hydrogenation. The resulting PureDrill HT-40 and PureDrill IA-35 fluids are highly enriched in paraffins. In the case of PureDrill HT-40 polynuclear aromatic levels are <100 ppm. Furthermore, PureDrill HT-40 has an inherent low pour point of < -33 ° C, which is important for drilling in cold weather conditions. The typical physical and compositional properties of the two drilling fluids are shown in Table 1. PUREDRILL HT-40 VERSUS DIESEL PureDrill HT-40 is compositionally distinct from diesel; it has significantly lower aromatics content than the oils that were traditionally used for drilling in Western Canada. The preference for diesel-like drilling fluids stemmed from the low product cost of diesel and the preconception that diesel offers the ultimate in drilling performance. It was assumed that other types of drilling fluids could not achieve the penetration rates observed with diesel. We have developed data which very convincingly shows that this is not the case. As far as the economics are concerned, it is true that the unit price of diesel is less expensive than a product as compositionally pure as PureDrill HT-40. At the same time a holistic analysis reveals that PureDrill HT-40 is indeed cost effective and rivals the total costs incurred through the use of diesel based mud systems.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».