Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Technology Focus Drilling and completion (D&C) fluids are used in every well and are critical to drilling efficiency and reservoir productivity. Technological advances of D&C fluids are more evolutionary than revolutionary. Over time, these evolutionary changes have accumulated such that the quantity of knowledge and available technologies is extensive. This is where we are today for all fluids-related technologies. Clearly, the industry has more scientific knowledge about how fluids behave, and the number of unique options available to drill or complete a particular well has never been greater. Recent advancements of note are nonaqueous fluids (the rheology of which is affected less by temperature), novel weighting agents, increasingly complex drill-in fluids, cleanup options for openhole completions, and significantly improved fluids-processing equipment. The difficult part is sorting out what to use and when. Keep in mind that many of these new technologies have increasingly narrow applications. As engineers, our goal should be to select the most effective technology for a particular task, not necessarily the most recently developed "new technology." Many fluids with a history of use in a given area or for a particular application are used for good reason; they work well! But the world is changing. D&C costs are increasing at rates not seen for more than 25 years, and the kinds of wells being drilled are changing. So it is critical to re-examine each application continually and strive to choose fluids that minimize problems and yield a better-quality well. I frequently am surprised when people do not understand the fundamental information about fluids that is documented in classic SPE technical papers. Only by understanding these fundamentals can a person make good decisions about which fluid or technology to use in a given application. For those of you who are new to the industry and are interested in D&C fluids, I recommend that you take time to read classic fluids papers and keep up with at least the topics of currently published papers. While they have not been updated recently, I recommend and often cite information from the SPE Reprint Series, especially No. 44 Drilling Fluids and No. 22 Drilling. Please take time to read the paper summaries that follow as well as the papers listed below; you will learn something. Drilling and Completion Fluids additional reading available at the SPE eLibrary: www.spe.org SPE 108653 • "Assessment of the Fate and Ecological Risk of Synthetic-Paraffin-Based-Drilling-Mud Discharges Offshore Sarawak and Sabah (Malaysia)" by P.B. Dorn, Shell, et al. SPE 112687 • "Automatic Measurement of Drilling-Fluid and Drill-Cuttings Properties" by A. Saasen, SPE, StatoilHydro, et al. SPE 110341 • "Unique Characteristics of Mixed-Metal-Oxide Fluid Cures Lost Circulation While Meeting European Environmental Regulations" by Reinhard Oswald, Petrom, et al. Additional reading available at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org OTC 19210 • "Understanding the Impact of Completion-Brine Packer Fluids on Cracking Susceptibility of CRA Materials for Deepwater Applications" by Paul H. Javora, BJ Services, et al.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,005 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,190 | 0,107 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».