Greater Sierra Jean Marie Tight Gas Carbonate: Multidisciplinary Approach Drives Decade of Development
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Located in Northeast British Columbia, spanning 250 km x 125 km, the Jean Marie Member has been known to industry for decades. This late-staged Devonian carbonate platform has a thick continuous linear margin reef at its western edge and an interior platform containing thinner patch reefs. The formation is characterized by low porosity (avg. ~6%), low water saturation (avg. ~20%), and low permeability (< 1 md air). The main target is reef buildups, in which porosity and permeability have been enhanced by diagenesis and fracturing. From the 1960s until the mid 1990s, prospectors were teased by gas shows, sometimes over intervals exceeding 30 meters, with potentially large gas-in-place volumes. Vertical wells were unable to unlock this massive prize. Truly, the Jean Marie needed technological advances to have its potential realized. In the mid 1990s, the first major advance came through the application of underbalanced horizontal wells. To date, Encana has drilled in excess of 1,200 horizontal wells. The rate while drilling signature is valued for geo-steering, reservoir characterization, and determining expected well performance for production forecasting and reserve bookings. In the early 2000s, a major step change was the introduction of high resolution 3D seismic. Imaging reefs and fractures aided in better planning, characterization, and predictability. Advanced seismic techniques are used to detect high permeability fairways, increasing deliverability and gas recovery. Starting in 2007, the Greater Sierra Jean Marie development began to adhere to a "gas factory" model. The Jean Marie is a large concentrated gas resource with a repeatable exploitation method of underbalanced horizontal wells. The addition of continuous improvement policy cemented the Greater Sierra Jean Marie as a gas factory. Encana has converted from nitrogen foam to drilling with natural gas. Gas is conserved by producing into pipelines during drilling and flaring is minimized. Matting and multi-well pads are utilized to load level the drilling program, minimize land use, and reduce costs. Concurrent operations on multi-well pads have been implemented, reducing cycle times by 40%. Multi-laterals, duals and tri-laterals, are now part of the development toolkit, further strengthening economic metrics. Because of these improvements, the Greater Sierra Jean Marie team achieved best program metrics ever in 2009, despite depressed natural gas prices. Keys to the successful exploitation of the Jean Marie tight gas carbonate play have been: a dominant land position on quality acreage, highly-connected multi-disciplinary team(s), repeatable yet evolving processes, awareness and application of new technologies, and rigorous tracking of results. Future development in the Jean Marie is supported by a large inventory of multilateral horizontals wells. A low risk drilling program executed with excellence will be augmented by the application of other new technologies, such as fracture stimulation, leading to another successful decade of development.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».