Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Europe: Status Quo and Insights for the Environmental Policy Agenda

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. L. Schultz, C. Folke, and P. Olsson, "Enhancing Ecosystem Management Through Social-Ecologic al Inventories: Lessons From Kristianstads Vattenrike, Sweden," Environmental Conservation 34 (2007): 140–52. 2. H. P. Huntington, "Using Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Science: Methods and Applications," Ecological Applications 10 (2000): 1270–74. 3. C. N. Knapp and M. E. Fernández-Giménez, "Knowledge in Practice: Documenting Rancher Local Knowledge in Northwest Colorado," Rangeland Ecology & Management 62 (2009): 500–9. 4. S. L. Swezey and R. F. Heizer, "Ritual Management of Salmonid Fish Resources," in T. C. Blackburn and K. Anderson, eds., Before the Wilderness. Environmental Management by Native Californians (Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press, 1993), 299–327. 5. D. A. Posey, "Indigenous Management of Tropical Forest Ecosystems: The Case of the Kayapó Indians of the Brazilian Amazon," Agroforestry Systems 3 (1985): 139–58. 6. K. Duraiappah et al., eds., Satoyama-Satoumi Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Socio-ecological Production Landscapes of Japan (New York, NY: United Nations University Press, 2012). 7. F. Berkes, J. Colding, and C. Folke, "Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Adaptative Management," Ecological Applications 10 (2000): 1251–62. 8. F. Berkes, J. Colding, and C. Folke, eds., Navigating Social-Ecological Systems: Building Resilience for Complexity and Change (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003). 9. S. Barthel, C. Folke, and J. Colding, "Social–Ecological Memory in Urban Gardens—Retaining the Capacity for Management of Ecosystem Services," Global Environmental Change 20 (2010): 255–65. 10. E. Gómez-Baggethun, V. Reyes-García, P. Olsson, and C. Montes, "Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Community Resilience to Environmental Extremes: A Case Study in Doñana, SW Spain," Global Environmental Change 2, no. 3, (2012): 640–50. 11. M. Gadgil, F. Berkes, and C. Folke, "Indigenous Knowledge for Biodiversity Conservation," Ambio 22 (1993): 151–56. 12. K. Takeuchi, "Rebuilding the Relationship between People and Nature: The Satoyama Initiative," Ecological Research 25 (2010): 891–97. 13. Gómez-Baggethun et al., note 10, above. 14. R. Boyd and P. J. Richerson, "Culture and the Evolution of the Human Social Instincts," in S. Levinson and N. Enfield, eds., Roots of Human Sociality (Oxford, UK: Berg, 2006), 453–77. 15. F. Berkes, "Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Perspective," in T. J. Inglis, ed., Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Concepts and Cases (Ottawa, ON, Canada: Canadian Museum of Nature and International Development Research Centre, 1993), 1–9. 16. C. R. Clement, "Demand for Two Classes of Traditional Agroecological Knowledge in Modern Amazonia" in A. Posey et al., eds., Human Impacts on Amazonia: The Role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Conservation and Development (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2006), 33–50. 17. R. Ellen and H. Harris, "Introduction," in R. F. Ellen, P. Parkes, and A. Bicker, eds., Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and its Transformations (Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood, 2000), 1–33. 18. G. K. Meffe and C. R. Carroll, Principles of Conservation Biology (Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 1997). 19. L. Maffi, "Linguistic, Cultural and Biological Diversity," Annual Review. Anthropology 29 (2005): 599–617. 20. V. Reyes-García et al., "Evaluating Indices of Traditional Ecological Knowledge. A Methodological Contribution," Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2 (2006): 21. 21. Berkes et al., see note 7, above. 22. T. Ingold, "Two Reflections on Ecological Knowledge," in G. Sanga and G. Ortalli, eds., Nature Knowledge Ethnoscience, Cognition and Utility (New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2003), 301–11. 23. A. Frazão-Moreira, A. M. Carvalho, and M. E. Martins, "Local Ecological Knowledge Also 'Comes from Books': Cultural Change, Landscape Transformation and Conservation of Biodiversity in two Protected Areas in Portugal," Anthropological Notebooks 15 (2009): 27–36. 24. M. Leonti, "The Future Is Written: Impact of Scripts on the Cognition, Selection, Knowledge and Transmission of Medicinal Plant Use and Its Implications for Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology," Journal of Ethnopharmacology 134 (2011): 542–55. 25. E. Gómez-Baggethun and V. Reyes-García, "Reinterpreting Change in Traditional Ecological Knowledge," Human Ecology 41, no. 4 (2013): 643–47. 26. K. P. Whyte, "On the Role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as a Collaborative Concept: A Philosophical Study," Ecological Processes 2 (2013): 7. 27. "Convention on Biological Diversity," Montreal 1992, Article 8(j), Traditional Knowledge, Innovations and Practices. 28. "Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage," UNESCO, 2003. 29. Takeuchi, see note 12, above. 30. United Nations Environment Programme, "Second Session of the Plenary Meeting Report: Determine Modalities and Institutional Arrangements for an Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)," Panama City, Panama, 2012. 31. K. Vohland et al., "How to Ensure a Credible and Efficient IPBES?," Environmental Science & Policy 14 (2011): 1188–94. 32. Gómez-Baggethun and Reyes-García, see note 25, above. 33. S. Jasanoff and M. L. Martello, eds., Earthly Politics: Local and Global in Environmental Governance (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004). 34. Berkes et al., see note 8, above. 35. Reyes-García et al., see note 20, above. 36. Ibid. 37. M. Bergmann et al., "Using Knowledge from Fishers and Fisheries Scientists to Identify Possible Groundfish 'Essential Fish Habitats," Fisheries Research 66 (2004): 373–79. 38. N. Barrera-Bassols and V. Toledo, "Ethnoecology of the Yucatec Maya: Symbolism, Knowledge, and Management of Natural Resources," Journal of Latin American Geography 4 (2005): 9–41. 39. P. Olsson and C. Folke, "Local Ecological Knowledge and Institutional Dynamics for Ecosystem Management: A Study of Lake Racken Watershed, Sweden," Ecosystems 4 (2001): 85–104. 40. A. Pieroni, C. L. Quave, and R. F. Santoro, "Folk Pharmaceutical Knowledge in the Territory of the Dolomiti Lucane, Inland Southern Italy," Journal of Ethnopharmacology 95 (2004): 373–84. 41. E. Andersson, S. Barthel, and K. Ahrne, "Measuring Social–Ecological Dynamics Behind the Generation of Ecosystem Services," Ecological Applications 17 (2007): 1267–78. 42. E. Gómez-Baggethun et al., "Traditional Ecological Knowledge Trends in the Transition to a Market Economy: Empirical Study in the Doñana Natural Areas," Conservation Biology 24 (2010): 721–29. 43. A. Pieroni et al., "Medicinal Perceptions of Vegetables Traditionally Consumed by South Asian Migrants Living in Bradford," Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113 (2007): 100–110. 44. L. Quave, M. Pardo-de-Santayana, and A. Pieroni, "Medical Ethnobotany in Europe: From Field Ethnography to a More Culturally Sensitive Evidence-Based CAM?," Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2012), article ID 156846. 45. C. Hadjichambis et al., "Wild and Semi-Domesticated Food Plant Consumption in Ceven Circum-Mediterranean Areas," International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 59 (2008): 383–414. 46. K. Solymosi, "Indicators for the Identification of Cultural Landscape Hotspots in Europe," Landscape Research 36 (2011): 3–18. 47. T. Plieninger, J. Modolell y Mainou, and W. Konold, "Land Manager Attitudes toward Management, Regeneration, and Conservation of Spanish Holm Oak Savannas (Dehesas)," Landscape and Urban Planning 66: 185–98. 48. M. Elbakidze and P. Angelstam, "Implementing Sustainable Forest Management in Ukraine's Carpathian Mountains: The Role of Traditional Village Systems," Forest Ecology and Management 249 (2007): 28–38. 49. T. La Mantia et al., "The Role of Traditional Erica arborea L. Management Practices in Maintaining North-Eastern Sicily's Cultural Landscape," Forest Ecology and Management 249 (2007): 63–70. 50. P. Madejón et al., "Traditional Agricultural Practices Enable Sustainable Remediation of Highly Polluted Soils in Southern Spain for Cultivation of Food Crops," Journal of Environmental Management 92 (2011): 1828–36. 51. B. Inga and Ö. Danell, "Traditional Ecological Knowledge Among Sami Reindeer Herders in Northern Sweden About Vascular Plants Grazed by Reindeer," Rangifer 32, no. 1 (2012): 1–18. 52. M. TengÖ and K. Belfrage, "Local Management Practices for Dealing With Change and Uncertainty: A Cross-Scale Comparison of Cases in Sweden and Tanzania," Ecology and Society 9, no. 3 (2004): 4. 53. E. Azzurro, P. Moschella, and F. Maynou, "Tracking Signals of Change in Mediterranean Fish Diversity Based on Local Ecological Knowledge," PLoS One 6, no. 9 (2011): e24885. 54. J. McKenna et al., "Accurate Mental Maps as an Aspect of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK): A Case Study from Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland," Ecology and Society 13, no. 1 (2008): 13. 55. S. Winter, M. Penker, and M. Kriechbaum, "Integrating Farmers' Knowledge on Toxic Plants and Grassland Management: A Case Study on Colchicum autumnale in Austria," Biodiversity and Conservation 20 (2011): 1763–87. 56. D. Rotherham, "The Implications of Perceptions and Cultural Knowledge Loss for the Management of Wooded Landscapes: A UK Case-Study," Forest Ecology and Management 249, no. 1–2 (2007): 100–115. 57. M. Bürgi, U. Gimmi, and M. Stuber, "Assessing Traditional Knowledge on Forest Uses to Understand Forest Ecosystem Dynamics," Forest Ecology and Management 289 (2013): 115–22. 58. M. Carvalho and A. Frazão-Moreira, "Importance of Local Knowledge in Plant Resources Management and Conservation in Two Protected Areas From Trás-os-Montes, Portugal," Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7, no. 1 (2011): 36. 59. Ibid. 60. G. Parlsson, "Learning by Fishing: Practical Engament and Environmental Concerns," in F. Berkes and C. Folke, eds., Linking Social and Ecological Systems (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 48–67. 61. S. Knudsen, "Ethical Know-How and Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Small Scale Fisheries on the Eastern Black Sea Coast of Turkey," Human Ecology 36 (2007): 29–41. 62. Elbakidze and Angelstam, see note 48, above. 63. La Mantia et al., see note 49, above. 64. Rotherham, see note 56, above. 65. M. Agnoletti, "The Degradation of Traditional Landscape in a Mountain Area of Tuscany During the 19th and 20th Centuries: Implications for Biodiversity and Sustainable Management," Forest Ecology and Management 24 (2007): 5–17. 66. E. Johann, "Traditional Forest Management Under the Influence of Science and Industry: The Story of the Alpine Cultural Landscapes," Forest Ecology and Management 249 (2007): 54–62. 67. M. Linares, "Forest Planning and Traditional Knowledge in Collective Woodlands of Spain: The Dehesa System," Forest Ecology and Management 249 (2007): 71–79. 68. C. Montiel-Molina, "Cultural Heritage, Sustainable Forest Management and Property in Inland Spain," Forest Ecology and Management 249 (2007): 80–90. 69. D. Babai and Z. Molnár, "Small-Scale Traditional Management of Highly Species-Rich Grasslands in the Carpathians," Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (2013). doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2013.08.018 70. TengÖ and Belfrage, see note 52, above. 71. TengÖ and Belfrage, see note 52, above. 72. Bürgi et al., see note 57, above. 73. Montiel-Molina, see note 68, above. 74. D. Babai and Z. Molnár, "Small-Scale Traditional Management of Highly Species-Rich Grasslands in the Carpathians," Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment (2013). doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2013.08.018 75. Elbakidze and P. Angelstam, see note 48, above. 76. La Mantia et al., see note 49, above. 77. Madejón et al., see note 50, above. 78. M. E. Fernández-Giménez and F. Fillat Estaque, "Pyrenean Pastoralists' Ecological Knowledge: Documentation and Application to Natural Resource Management and Adaptation," Human Ecology 40 (2012): 287–300. 79. Montiel-Molina, see note 68, above. 80. Babai and Molnár, see note 69, above. 81. Madejón et al., see note 50, above. 82. T. Kizos, T. Plieninger, and H. Schaich, "Instead of 40 Sheep There are 400": Traditional Grazing Practices and Landscape Change in Western Lesvos, Greece," Landscape Research 38 (2013): 476–98. 83. M. S. Calvo, R. Crecente, and U. Fra-Paleo, "Exploring Farmer's Knowledge as a Source of Information on Past and Present Cultural Landscapes. A Case Study from NW Spain," Landscape and Urban Planning 78 (2007): 334–43. 84. Gómez-Baggethun et al., see note 10, above. 85. TengÖ and Belfrage, see note 52, above. 86. Fernández-Giménez and Fillat Estaque, see note 78, above. 87. N. J. C. Tyler et al., "Saami Reindeer Pastoralism Under Climate Change: Applying a Generalized Framework for Vulnerability Studies to a Sub-Arctic Social–Ecological System," Global Environmental Change 17 (2007): 191–206. 88. J. Å. Riseth et al., "Sámi Traditional Ecological Knowledge as a Guide to Science: Snow, Ice and Reindeer Pasture Facing Climate Change," Polar Record 47 (2011): 202–17. 89. M. von Glasenapp and T. F. Thornton, "Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Swiss Alpine Farmers and Resilience to Socioecological Change," Human Ecology 39 (2011): 769–81. 90. Inga and Danell, see note 51, above. 91. Tyler et al., see note 87, above. 92. Riseth et al., see note 88, above. 93. Gómez-Baggethun et al., see note 42, above. 94. Fernández-Giménez and Fillat Estaque, see note 78, above. 95. E. Oteros-Rozas et al., "Traditional Ecological Knowledge Among Transhumant Pastoralists in Mediterranean Spain: Learning for Adaptation to Global Change," Ecology and Society 18, no. 3 (2013): 33. 96. Elbakidze and Angelstam, see note 48, above. 97. Bürgi et al., see note 57, above. 98. Knudsen, see note 61, above. 99. Elbakidze and Angelstam, see note 48, above. 100. McKenna et al., see note 54, above. 101. Tyler et al., see note 87, above. 102. Bürgi et al., see note 57, above. 103. Agnoletti, see note 65, above. 104. Babai and Molnár, see note 69, above. 105. von Glasenapp and Thornton, see note 89, above. 106. Gómez-Baggethun et al., see note 10, above. 107. Gómez-Baggethun et al., see note 42, above. 108. Gómez-Baggethun et al., see note 42, above. 109. Kizos et al., see note 82, above. 110. Johann, see note 66, above. 111. Rotherham, see note 56, above. 112. Oteros-Rozas et al., see note 95, above. 113. Frazão-Moreira et al., see note 23, above. 114. La Mantia et al., see note 49, above. 115. Fernández-Giménez and Fillat Estaque, see note 78, above. 116. Montiel-Molina, see note 68, above. 117. Oteros-Rozas et al., see note 95, above. 118. Babai and Molnár, see note 69, above. 119. Winter et al., see note 55, above. 120. Gómez-Baggethun et al., see note 42, above. 121. Ibid. 122. TengÖ and Belfrage, see note 52, above. 123. Bürgi et al., see note 57, above. 124. Montiel-Molina, see note 68, above. 125. Elbakidze and Angelstam, see note 48, above. 126. M. Coppini and L. Hermanin, "Restoration of Selective Beech Coppices: A Case Study in the Apennines(Italy)," Forest Ecology and Management 249 (2007): 18–27. 127. U. Gimmi, M. Bürgi, and M. Stuber, "Reconstructing Anthropogenic Disturbance Regimes in Forest Ecosystems—A Case Study from the Swiss Rhone Valley," Ecosystems 11 (2008): 113–24. 128. Madejón et al., see note 50, above. 129. Calvo et al., see note 83, above. 130. Babai and Molnár, see note 69, above. 131. Fernández-Giménez and Fillat Estaque, see note 78, above. 132. Winter et al., see note 55, above. 133. Oteros-Rozas et al., see note 95, above. 134. L. Calvet-Mir, M. Calvet-Mir, L. Vaqué-Nuñez, and V. Reyes-García, "Landraces In Situ Conservation: A Case Study in High-Mountain Home Gardens in Vall Fosca, Catalan Pyrenees, Iberian Peninsula," Economy Botany 65, no. 2 (2011): 146–57. 135. L. M. P. Ceríaco et al., "Folklore and Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Geckos in Southern Portugal: Implications for Conservation and Science," Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7 (2011): 26. 136. J. A. Parrotta and M. Agnoletti, "Traditional Forest Knowledge: Challenges and Opportunities," Forest Ecology and Management 249 (2007): 1–4. 137. Gómez-Baggethun et al., see note 10, above. 138. J. A. González et al., "La Trashumancia en la Cañada Real Conquense: Valores Ecológicos, Sociales y Económicos Asociados a una Práctica Ganadera Tradicional" (Madrid, Spain: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, (2012). 139. Fernández-Giménez and Fillat Estaque, see note 78, above. 140. von Glasenapp and Thornton, see note 89, above. 141. TengÖ and Belfrage, see note 52, above. 142. Z. Molnár, S. Bartha, and D. Babai, "Traditional Ecological Knowledge as a Concept and Data Source for Historical Ecology, Vegetation Science and Conservation Biology: a Hungarian perspective," Human Nature. Studies in Historical Ecology and Environmental History (2008): 14-27. 143. Biodiversity Knowledge Network. European FP7 funded project (2010-2014) envisaged to develop the recommended design for a Network of Knowledge on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in order to support decision making in Europe.

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