Effect of CO2 Concentration on Oil Recovery in Enriched Flue Gas Flood
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Flue gas displacement of oil is attracting attention as a feasible process forimproving oil recovery from light oil reservoirs. When obtained from surfacesources, the flue gas process has an added advantage of reducing carbon dioxide(CO2), a greenhouse gas, from being vented into the atmosphere.In-situ generation of flue gas is the product of spontaneous oil ignition whenair, a cost-effective and readily available gas, is injected into light oilreservoirs. The relatively high oil recovery potential of the flue gas processmakes it economically attractive. It may be necessary to enrich the injectedflue gas or air in order to maximize the recovery potential of the process. Theimprovement in oil recovery by enriched flue gas was studied as a function ofthe concentration of CO2 in the injected flue gas. The study wascarried out with a compositional simulator that was history-matched toexperimental data obtained in long core floods. At pressures ranging from 27.58MPa to 68.95 MPa, it was found that there was no appreciable improvement in oilrecovery below 25% CO2 concentration. Above 25% CO2concentration significant increase was observed in oil recovery. This increasehowever, peaked at 80% (for 68.95 MPa), 85% (for 62.05 MPa), and 90% (for 55.16MPa) CO2 and thereafter declined with increase in CO2concentration at the stated pressure conditions at 1.0 pore volume of gasinjected. This phenomenon was not observed for pressures below 55.16 MPa. Onthe other hand, oil recovery at gas breakthrough was practically constant forall the pressures tested until after 40% CO2 concentration; when aslight increase in recovery was observed. Introduction Primary recovery of light oil by the natural drive of the reservoir, ingeneral, can be up to 50% of the original oil in place1, especiallywith an efficient gravity drive. Secondary recovery process involving theinjection of immiscible fluid, water into the aquifer or gas into the gas cap, can recover 25% to 45% of the original oil in place. In addition to displacingoil from the pore space and driving it to the producing wells, the injectedfluid also maintains the pressure of the reservoir. Oil recovery practicesbeyond secondary are referred to as tertiary or enhanced oil recovery (EOR).EOR is practiced in addition to, or in lieu of primary and secondary processes.It is capable of recovering oil in excess of that possible by the secondaryrecovery process. About 3.7% of the current world oil production is from EOR.The largest EOR oil producer is the United States with 0.76 million barrels perday (12% of total oil production). Canada's EOR oil production of 0.4 millionbarrels per day (about 25% of total oil production) is next to that of the United States2. EOR methods can be broadly classified into thermaland non-thermal methods, with the thermal methods primarily intended for heavyoils. Non-thermal methods are normally used for light oils.3
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».