Of the renin-angiotensin system and reactive oxygen speciesType 2 diabetes and angiotensin II inhibition
Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
Une base qui oublie comment elle a trouvé un travail ne peut pas être vérifiée. Voici les voies qui ont admis celui-ci.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus are increasing worldwide at an explosive rate. This "epidemic" is largely driven by a concomitant obesity epidemic, which is seen not only in affluent countries, but in industrializing countries as well, concomitant with the rapid change toward Western life-style patterns worldwide. Recent clinical trials such as Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE), Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction (LIFE), and Study of Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE) have indicated that blocking the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. This effect may be explained by a variety of diabetogenic factors, which seem to be moderated by angiotensin II, such as free fatty acids (FFA) and the phenomena of adipocyte differentiation, as well as inflammation and oxidative damage. Insulin resistance, usually present in cases of impaired glucose tolerance, is the major identifiable defect in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. Elevated FFA levels result in reduced activation of phosphoinositol-3 kinase, an enzyme that is essential for normal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. This reduction is potentiated by angiotensin II and consequently insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is improved by RAS inhibition. Furthermore, blockade of the angiotensin II AT(1)-receptor has been shown to stimulate the differentiation of adipocytes that store FFAs, which leads to reduced plasma FFA levels and decreased insulin resistance. There are also data suggesting that AT(1)-receptor blockade reduces inflammatory activation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a major factor in the pathophysiology of diabetes and a major cardiovascular risk factor. Both proinflammatory molecules and ROS increase the risk of insulin resistance and atherogenesis. It is thought that FFAs and hyperglycemia increase ROS production and oxidative stress, leading to the activation of signaling molecules such as nuclear factor kappa-B and other mediators of stress-sensitive pathways, which increases insulin resistance and will lead to beta-cell dysfunction and diabetic complications during the longer term. Inhibiting the RAS seems to have an effect on several steps in this cascade. There is an obvious need for large-scale clinical trials specifically designed to assess the protective benefits of blocking the RAS in individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Two such trials on the prevention of type 2 diabetes are ongoing, the Diabetes Reduction Assessment with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone Medications (DREAM) study and the more ambitious Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research (NAVIGATOR) trial, which is also assessing prevention of cardiovascular events.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle