Rural health career pathways: research themes in recruitment and retention
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Objective. This paper describes stages in the research literature related to recruitment and retention of health professionals to rural health careers. Data sources. Electronic databases accessed included Medline, CINAHL, Social Sciences and Humanities. Key search terms included ‘high school’, ‘career choices’, ‘rural’, ‘attachment’, ‘recruitment’ and ‘retention’. Data synthesis. We identified four stages: (1) making career choices; (2) being attached to place; (3) taking up rural practice; and (4) remaining in rural practice. This is termed the ‘rural pipeline’. However, as some stages of the ‘rural pipeline’ refer specifically to the medical profession, we propose an extension of the notion of the medical ‘rural pipeline’ to include other professions such as nursing, midwifery and allied health. Conclusions. Utilising the ‘rural pipeline’ as a template for medicine, nursing and allied health would strengthen current approaches to the recruitment and retention of professionals in rural areas and provide a consolidated evidence base that would assist in policy development to improve availability and service provision of the rural health workforce. Future research that utilises a multidisciplinary approach could explore how the role and relationship between place and identity shape needs of career choices and would provide important information to advance the practical aspects supporting rural health career pathways. What is known about the topic? A universal shortage of rural health professionals is a significant issue and is becoming critical in rural areas of Australia. Although there have been many studies, internationally and in Australia, there are several gaps in recruitment and retention of rural health professionals that require further attention. What does this paper add? This paper examines workforce studies related to recruitment and retention of health professionals to rural health careers. The pipeline, however, refers mainly to the medical profession. The stages in this paper extend the notion of the medical ‘rural pipeline’ to include other professions such as nursing and allied health. This paper focusses on literature concerning developed countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Europe, the USA and Canada and identifies several proposed areas of future research. What are the implications for practitioners? The literature clearly identifies important issues for the rural health workforce. Having an understanding of the key issues underpinning the recruitment and retention of health professionals in rural areas allows the development and enhancement of appropriate workforce strategies. Utilising the ‘rural pipeline’ as a template for medicine, nursing and allied health would strengthen current approaches to the recruitment and retention of professionals in rural areas and provide a consolidated evidence base.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,082 | 0,121 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,010 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,007 | 0,008 |
| Communication savante | 0,011 | 0,015 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,012 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».