Towards the Improvement of the Efficiency of Oil Sands Froth Treatment
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction Over fifteen million cubic meters per annum of synthetic crude are produced in Alberta from the mined oil sands. The production is projected to increase to nearly one million barrels per day by 2011(1). As high quality ore deposits are depleted, it will be necessary to rocess poorer quality ores; that is ores with less bitumen and more fines. At the same time, it is desirable to reduce the process energy requirements. There are two main stages to oil sands processing: extraction and froth treatment. The most common extraction process is hot water bitumen extraction where bitumen is produced in a froth consisting of bitumen, water, and inorganic solids. Poorer quality oil sand froths have lower oil content and higher contents of water and solids(2). There are currently two commercialized froth treatment processes in Alberta, here termed the "Syncrude Process" and the "Albian Process". In the Syncrude process, the froth is diluted with naphtha to decrease the density and viscosity of the bitumen and to promote coalescence of emulsified water. Phase separation is achieved with centrifuging. The Albian process has been tested at the pilot scale and the commercial process is now under construction. In this process, a paraffinic solvent is added to the froth to reduce the bitumen density and viscosity, and to promote flocculation of the emulsified water and suspended solids. Some asphaltenes are also precipitated to achieve a product suitable for a conventional refinery. Phase separation is achieved with gravity settling. In both processes, it is desirable to reduce energy costs and minimize the water and solids content of the product bitumen. The two froth treatment processes are investigated in this work using laboratory scale approximations. The goal is to identify the optimum solvent-to-bitumen ratios and temperatures for the effective treatment of froth produced from oil sands of various qualities. The effective of the treatment is assessed in terms of bitumen recovery and the water content of the bitumen product. EXPERIMENTAL Oil sand samples of three different qualities were obtained from Syncrude Canada Ltd. (Table 1). The bitumen, water, and solids contents as were determined at the Syncrude Research Centre as reported elsewhere(3). According to these parameters, the oil sands are termed low- (LQOS), average- (AQOS) and high-quality ores (HQOS) Bitumen froth was extracted from the oil sand using a batch extraction unit (BEU) at 80 °C and following the Syncrude standard extraction procedure(3). Subsamples of froth from the batch extractions were collected and assayed for oil, water and solid contents using the "Syncrude method"(3). Only primary froth was used for froth treatment experiments because of the low amount of secondary froth. For bitumen extraction from HQOS and AQOS, no chemicals were used. For LQOS, sodium hydroxide was used. The maximum bitumen recovery of almost 100% was achieved with the addition of approximately 0.025 wt% NaOH (on an oil sand basis). The effect of NaOH addition during extraction was also investigated for the low quality oil sand froth. Different NaOH levels from 0 to 0.125 wt% were considered.
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Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
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