An Investigation of Grid Design Characteristics in Numerical Modelling of Horizontal Well Pressure Transient Tests
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Horizontal wells are nowadays more often exercised in developing oil and gas fields because of their potential benefit of increasing the drainage area. Complex reservoir structures often impose the use of numerical simulation when interpreting the transient pressure behaviour of horizontal wells. In this work a comprehensive investigation of the available models listed in the literature used for numerical simulation of transient pressure behaviour of horizontal wells was performed. Then, a sensitivity analysis focusing on the effect of grid size selection and the representation of horizontal wellbore within the grid blocks were carried out. We have highlighted the technique to simulate transient behaviours of horizontal wells with a conventional reservoir simulation code. In addition we made a comparison of simulated well tests to the analytical solutions. We observed that there is a limit to grid refinement beyond which the results do not improve. However, using the log-distributed grids with conventional well index, results in closer match with the analytical solution at early times. Introduction Horizontal wells have been successful in increasing productivity in a cost effective manner in overall field operations. They are being used in variety of conditions: reducing water and gas conning, thin pay zones, heavy oil recovery, improving sweep, tapping un-swept oil and improving sweep. In enhanced oil recovery applications horizontal wells have been especially beneficial. Whether they are used as injectors or producers, their higher reservoir contact area improves the efficiency of the displacements and production. Forecasting the economic feasibility of horizontal wells requires a reliable and accurate representation of these wells in numerical models to predict their expected production performances. Most of the transient pressure well tests in horizontal wells have been directed to determine the permeability, skin factor, and the effective producing length. To use pressure transient test data in computerized methods for integrated reservoir characterization, numerical simulations of the well tests are typically required. When numerically solving the equations for flow in a reservoir, the block pressure cannot be assumed to be equal to the well bore pressure. These two pressures can be related through a well model that requires a well index (WI). The WI depends on reservoir properties and well geometry. Peaceman1,2 has derived expressions for the WI under the conditions of two-dimensional flow for an isolated well under steady state or pseudo-steady-state conditions. The default procedure in most commercial simulators is to use Peaceman's model. For a pressure transient test the assumptions of steadystate incompressible flow are not applicable. Care is required to avoid numerical artifacts occurring in the simulation so that they do not adversely effect the reservoir characterization. To account for this it is common to use highly refined grids around wells and to make very careful choices of time-step sizes to model well tests. In this work a comprehensive investigation of the available models listed in the literature used for numerical simulation of transient pressure behaviour of horizontal wells has been performed. Well tests simulated using finite difference simulation are compared to analytical well test solutions.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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