Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Holocaust awareness has become a worldwide phenomenon, and an international free republic of Holocaust researchers has emerged. Among long-term trends field of Holocaust studies are universalization of victimhood and extension of circle of perpetrators. Present trends include Holocaust history local history, integration of perpetrator and victim histories, and explanation of perpetrator behavior ideological terms. Anticipated future developments include greater discussion of outlawing of Holocaust denial, and return of explanation of perpetrator behavior terms of disposition. The term genocide has come to be used too often. It is not only used a shield, but also a sword new quests for utopia. The History of Field of Holocaust Research The field ofHolocaust research became truly international 1970s.2 The single most important development since then has growth of a worldwide free republic of researchers, which now includes scholars from Israel, United States, United Kingdom, both Western and Eastern Europe, Canada, and Australia. There is some research by scholars from South America, but it mostly deals with Jewish emigration to that part of world during 1930s, not with Holocaust proper. Not yet included are scholars from Africa and Asia. The boundaries of this republic of Holocaust research are essentially boundaries of part of world that during Cold War, before fall of Berlin Wall, constituted free West - along with Eastern Europe. points to fact that Holocaust awareness is a way to discuss core political values of West such democracy, responsibility, and solidarity. It also is an instrument to strengthen democratic ethos Eastern Europe. As Omer Bartov has put it, in a century characterized by a quest for perfection, Holocaust awareness deals with the narrow path between utopia and hell. The murderous pursuit of Utopian politics has been engine of our epoch's aspirations and disillusionments, violence and annihilation.... In essence our century has tried to define what and who is human, and then to set rules to how human beings should live society and who must be excluded from it altogether.3 In keeping with Yehuda Bauer's outlook, basis for these discussions is idea of universalization of victimhood, that is, idea that everybody is a potential victim of genocide.4 In other words, identity is not only an unfailing source of empowerment; Holocaust makes abundantly clear that identity is also a risk, and possibly a fatal one. As Bauer wrote: What happened before, can happen again. We all are possible victims, possible perpetrators, possible bystanders. . . . The Holocaust is a warning. It adds three commandments to ten of Jewish-Christian tradition: Thou shalt not be a perpetrator; Thou shall not be a passive victim; and Thou most certainly shalt not be a bystander.5 universality of importance of Holocaust by no means contradicts specificity of Holocaust; two notions are two sides of same coin. Holocaust educators across globe prove this every day. To quote Bauer once more: This menace is universal and at same time - because it is founded on experience of Holocaust -very specifically connected with Jews. The specific and universal cannot be separated. And Bauer also observed: as a symbol of evil awareness of Holocaust is spreading all over world.6 Division of Labor In somewhat smaller republic of Holocaust researchers there is - or perhaps was - an implicit division of labor. American and German scholars specialize(d) studies of perpetrators; Israelis have strongly focused on victims. In past these two types of research were not connected. There is not yet sufficient input by younger scholars from Eastern Europe, although some of younger researchers from Ukraine appear promising. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,013 | 0,015 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,008 | 0,006 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,005 | 0,019 |
| Communication savante | 0,009 | 0,020 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,007 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,004 | 0,007 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,014 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».