The Rose Rust Fungus, <i>Phragmidium tuberculatum</i>, is Widespread in the Americas: First Reports from California, Oregon, Massachusetts, and Honduras
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The rust fungus Phragmidium tuberculatum Jul. Müll. is a common pathogen on Rosa spp., on which all life cycle stages are formed. Symptoms occur in spring and may include distorted stems, yellow spots on the upper leaf surface, and a bright orange spore mass formed on the abaxial leaf surface. In late summer, sori become speckled with black as fascicles of teliospores develop. The current known distribution of P. tuberculatum is mostly limited to Europe with some occurrence in Asia and into Australasia (2). There is some documented occurrence in North America (Alaska, Connecticut, and Canada [2]), where most rose rust disease is attributed to P. mucronatum (Pers.) Schltdl. This study used a combination of molecular and morphological analyses on newly collected material from across North America (California: BPI877978, PURN7783; Oregon: BPI877980; Massachusetts: BPI877977; and Quebec: BPI877979) and herbarium material from South and Central America (Honduras: BPI864186; and Argentina: BPI843677; both previously identified as P. mucronatum) to document a much broader distribution of P. tuberculatum. Collectively, teliospores from these collections are 4 to 6 celled, dark to black-brown, warted, elongated to cylindrical, 64.7 to 92.4 μm in length by 23.1 to 39.3 μm in width (average 77.6 × 30.0 μm) (30 teliospores from 2 leaves), with 2 to 3 pores/cell and a pronounced hyaline apiculus 4.6 to 18.5 μm long (average 8.3 μm). P. tuberculatum is similar morphologically to P. mucronatum, but sensu Gäumann (3) differs in having wider (30 to 36 μm) and longer (65 to 110 μm) teliospores with an average of 6 to 8 cells/spore. However, the two are easily distinguished by DNA analyses (4). The 28S sequences were amplified using the protocols described in Aime (1) and compared phylogenetically to 28S sequences available in the GenBank database for P. tuberculatum, P. mucronatum, and other Phragmidium spp. (4). In a maximum likelihood analysis, all isolates formed a 99% bootstrap supported clade with P. tuberculatum sequences from Germany, and shared 100% sequence identity with JF907675 P. tuberculatum. In contrast, comparison with HQ421646 P. mucronatum produced only 92% identity (e.g., 836/911 bp for PURN7783). This information indicates that P. tuberculatum is likely to be widespread in the Americas but simply misidentified as P. mucronatum, as was found to be the case for the two herbarium specimens sampled. Detailed examination of historical herbarium material may help to pinpoint how long the fungus has been present and the current extent of its distribution. The rose rust fungus is not considered to be a problem economically, but its spread within North America may be an indicator of commercial practices that serve as a vector for other diseases on ornamental plants. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI) and Arthur Fungarium (PUR); voucher sequences are deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KJ841917 to 23). References: (1) M. C. Aime. Mycoscience 47:112, 2006. (2) J. F. Arthur. Manual of the rusts in United States and Canada. Purdue Research Foundation, 1934. (3) E. Gäumann. Die Rostpilze Mitteleuropas mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schweiz. Büchler, Bern, 1959. (4) C. M. Ritz et al. Mycol. Res. 109:603, 2005.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».