Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This article, written by Senior Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 117489, "SAGD Gas Lift Completions and Optimization: A Field Case Study at Surmont," by T.C. Handfield, T. Nations, SPE, and S.G. Noonan, SPE, ConocoPhillips, prepared for the 2008 SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium, Calgary, 20-23 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Gas lift completions for steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) producers are unique. Conventional gas lift valves and mandrels with a packer completion cannot be used because of the extreme temperatures of the downhole environment. Most lift gas enters the production stream downhole through open-ended tubing or nozzles, which, if not properly sized, can result in operational issues that negatively affect the overall lift efficiency. Data were collected and analyzed to determine the efficiency of two types of gas lift nozzles used in the completions. The method for optimizing SAGD gas lift systems is presented, and recommendations are made for future improvement. Introduction Surmont, an oil-sands project, is approximately 37 miles southeast of Fort McMurray in the Athabasca oil sands in Canada. The Surmont pilot began steam injection in 1997, comprising three SAGD-well pairs that use a variety of artificial-lift methods. These wells were tested to determine the preferred method of artificial lift for the first commercial phase. Main steam injection was initiated in mid-2007, and conversion to full SAGD production followed in late 2007. Phase 1A comprises 20 well pairs in which all the producers were completed to produce by use of gas lift for the initial life of the well. Phases 1A, 1B, and 1C have a capacity of 25,000 B/D and are expected to reach peak production in 2012. A second phase is slated for commercial startup before the middle of the next decade, which, upon completion and full ramp-up, is estimated to bring peak production from both phases to 100,000 B/D. Additional phases at Surmont are under study. Historical Perspective The Surmont gas lift experience began with trials in two of the three pilot wells. The completions consisted of a single production string varying in size from 3.5 to 5.5 in. with a 1-in. coiled tubing (CT) run concentrically for gas lift and landed at the heel of the well. The bottom 2 m of the gas lift string was constructed similar to a perforated stinger with ten 11-mm orifices. These gas lifted wells operated with reservoir pressure as low as 334 psi, producing fluid rates between 1,047 and 3,352 B/D, with gas lift rates ranging from 211 to 339 Mscf/D for a total combined operating time between the two wells of 35 months. The conclusion from testing at the pilot was that gas lift at the higher reservoir pressures was effective. However, before making additional designs and sensitivity studies, the gas lift assemblies were removed to allow for testing and validation of other forms of artificial lift for Surmont SAGD.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».