First Report of Damping-Off of Durum Wheat Caused by <i>Arthrinium sacchari</i> in the Semi-Arid Saskatchewan Fields
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is an important crop in western Canada. In 2005, Arthrinium sacchari was frequently isolated from soil and durum wheat plants of the semi-arid fields of Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada (50°16′N, 107°44′W). The susceptibility of durum wheat to damping-off caused by this fungus was evaluated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. sacchari in North America (1) and the first mention of its association with durum wheat. DNA was extracted (MoBio Isolation Kit, Carlsbad, CA) from 2-week-old A. sacchari isolates (FBC.3, FBC.45, and FBC.143) grown on PDA. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rDNA was amplified from each isolate and sequenced (Plant Biotechnology Institute, Saskatoon, SK, Canada) and similarity analyses were performed using the BLAST search algorithm in GenBank. All three sequences (Accession Nos. EF076710, EF076711, and EF076712A) showed 99% similarity with A. sacchari (Accession No. AF393679). An in vitro assay was performed by placing 1-cm 2 agar plugs containing mycelia of A. sacchari (FBC.3, FBC.45, and FBC.143) onto surface-sterilized durum. Surface-sterilized seeds inoculated in the same way with Fusarium graminearum or F. avenaceum were used as negative controls, and noninoculated surface-sterilized seeds were used as a positive control. A second in vitro assay involved inoculating the same isolates onto seeds placed in sterilized sandy soil. In both assays, 10 seeds per petri plate and three plates per treatment were used and plates were incubated at 21°C for 1 week in darkness. All experiments were performed twice. On PDA, preemergence damping-off was found in 60% of A. sacchari FBC.3, 55% of A. sacchari FBC.45 and FBC.143, 50% of F. avenaceum, and 58% of F. graminearum inoculated seeds. In sterilized soil, the incidence of preemergence damping-off ranged from 43 to 30%. Subsequent incubation over a period of 3 weeks resulted in 100% postemergence damping-off in A. sacchari FBC.45 and FBC.3 as well as in both Fusarium spp. inoculated controls, 60% postemergence damping-off in A. sacchari FBC.143, and no damping-off in the noninoculated control. Arthrinium and Fusarium spp. were reisolated only from symptomatic plants, satisfying Koch's postulates. In conclusion, durum wheat is highly susceptible to damping-off caused by A. sacchari, showing characteristic dark brown or violet lesions in infected tissues. A. sacchari was previously reported to be present in South America and eastern Asia. In China, it is considered an important mycotoxigenic species (2). Thus, infection of durum wheat crops with A. sacchari could pose a significant threat to North American wheat production. References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory. Online publication. ARS, USDA, 2006. (2) X. J. Liu et al. Acta Mycol. Sinica 7:221, 1988.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».