From Field Experience in Extreme Cold Conditions to Health and Safety Internal Guidelines for Future Projects
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract TOTAL Exploration & Production has been active in cold environmentssince 1970 (i.e. drilling in the Arctic Islands in Canada) and has beenoperating the Russian Kharyaga field since 1999. For its first experiences inthose challenging conditions, TOTAL applied its internal rules andspecifications that were not aimed at this kind of environments but to" classic" prospects, the main assets being in the Guinea Golf, in the NorthSea, the Middle East and in South East Asia. As the prospects and TOTAL'sportfolio have developed in areas where temperatures are below −15°C, such asKashagan field in Kazakhstan or Yamal in Russia, an " Extreme Cold" taskforcewas put together several years ago. The aim is to gather feedbacks from thepast and to centralize the Research & Development activities to look forinnovative solutions for the future and on-going projects. The workgroup isorganized around several panels, one of those being the Health and Safetyaspects for the operations in Extreme Cold conditions. From partnership throughJIPs, internal research and workshops with affiliates (mainly in Norway, Russiaor Canada), and projects teams, it has been decided to produce internalguidelines in order to define and harmonize the practices, acknowledging thateach field has its own meteorological constraints, and to gather the resultsfrom the multiple actions carried out by TOTAL headquarters or affiliates. Themethodology and the risk analysis performed to obtain a common technical basiswill be here presented. Introduction TOTAL Exploration & Production (E&P) has been active in coldenvironments since 1970 (i.e. drilling in the Arctic Islands in Canada) and hasbeen operating the Russian Kharyaga field since 1999. To properly develop suchassets and increase its presence in these conditions, TOTAL E&P has to useits current skills and develop methods to ensure that its operations arecarried out with the best up to date practice while ensuring the health andsafety of workers and limiting its environmental impact in sensitive regions. Extreme cold conditions raise specific hazards and issues and increase riskscompared with " conventional" installations located in a less hostileenvironment. These harsh conditions may directly or indirectly impactfacilities, industrial operations and/or personnel. Analysis of all availablemetocean data, hindcast and forecast, is crucial for such projects in order tosafely design the installations and to maintain them for as long as the projectis being developed (30 years in this case). Climate change data are alsocrucial. The identification of such risks is necessary from the conceptualstage, as is an understanding of the local environment. As TOTAL's portfolio in extreme cold conditions continues to develop, it isnecessary to ensure that the feedbacks are integrated and that the propertechnologies and skills are developed. As will be described later on, this ismainly ensured via the Company own standards (through a set of requirements, recommendations and guidelines) and databases accessible internally.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».