Microbial Treatment of a Sulphide-laden Stream in a Continuous Biofilm Reactor
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Biogenic production of hydrogen sulphide in oil reservoirs subjected to water flooding is a serious concern for the oil industry. The produced sulphide contaminates the oil, gas, and the injected water. Toxicity and corrosivity of sulphide, and environmental concerns associated with the use of these sulphide-laden streams dictate the removal of sulphide prior to their use. Treatment of the contaminated streams can be achieved by physicochemical methods or through biological processes relying on the catalytic activity of sulphide-oxidizing bacteria. Compared with the conventional processes, biological treatment offers several advantages, including operation at ambient pressure and temperature, feasibility for the treatment of smaller streams, and the absence of expensive catalysts. In the present work microbial treatment of a sulphide-laden synthetic brine with a composition similar to that of a typical produced water has been studied in batch system as well as a continuous biofilm reactor. Using a sulphide-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing microbial culture originated from a Canadian oil reservoir and sand as a carrier for immobilization of the bacteria, the impacts of sulphide concentration and its volumetric loading rate on the performance of the treatment system have been investigated. Introduction The applications of sulphide biooxidation are widespread. Such applications include the removal of sulphide from gaseous Streams1, control of souring in oil reservoirs2,3, treatment of sulphide-laden wastewater4 and produced water2, as well as generation of electricity in microbial fuel cells5. There are several well established physicochemical methods for the treatment of sulphide-containing streams. These processes employ various removal techniques including chemical or physical absorption (Alkanolamine process), thermal or catalytic conversion (Claus process), and liquid phase oxidation (LO-CAT ® process) 6. Microbial oxidation of sulphide can occur through metabolic activity of different microorganisms including phototrophic and chemolithotrophic bacteria. The objective of the present work is to study the kinetics of sulphide biooxidation in a batch system and a continuous biofilm reactor, using a mixed microbial culture enriched from the produced water of a Canadian oil reservoir. This culture is shown to be dominated by Thiomicrospira sp. CVO. Experimental Procedures and Apparatus Microbial Culture and Medium The microbial culture used in this study was enriched from the produced water of a Canadian oil reservoir. Coleville synthetic brine (CSB) was used for growth and maintenance of the culture. The CSB medium, made with reverse osmosis water, contained: 119.8 mM NaCl, 2.76 mM MgSO4 •7H2O, 1.63 mM CaCl2 •2H2O, 0.37 mM NH4Cl, 0.20 mM KH2PO4, 8.29 mM NaC2H3O2 •H2O, 9.89 mM KNO3, 50 mM C4H11NO3, and 0.5 mL/L of a trace element solution consisting of 0.5 mL/L concentrated H2SO4 (98%), 13.5 mM MnSO4 •5H2O, 1.75 mM ZnSO4 •7H2O, 8.1 mM H3BO3, 0.1 mM CuSO4 •5H2O, 0.1 mM Na2MoO4 •2H2O, 0.19 mM CoCl2 •6H2O, and 3.6 mM FeCl3. All medium components except Na2S were dissolved in reverse osmosis water and the pH was adjusted to 7.5 using 2 M HCl. The medium was purged wit
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».