Imaging Injected Water flood Fronts between Wells in a Complex Carbonate Reservoir: Designing Completions to Optimize Image Resolution
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In the paper, we will briefly review the pilot design and demonstrate the utility of applying the EM imaging to the pilot. We will also show the benefit of the optimized casing material on the resolution of the crosswell EM resistivity images and describe the methods employed for monitoring the fluid flow and show preliminary results of the modeling process. This crosswell EM technique which has been successfully employed and proven in other geographical areas is being implemented first time in UAE. The EMI technology is being deployed in southern part of a complex carbonate reservoir in the middle-east where an uneven flood front advance has been observed in different reservoir units. It has been observed that water front has advanced much faster in the highly permeable upper reservoir units as compared to lower reservoir units. In order to understand the horizontal and vertical fluid flow behavior, an inverted 5-spot water injection pilot pattern is being implemented. The pilot will address the issues of the uneven sweep efficiency, bypassed oil and effectiveness of stylolites across different units. The pilot results and observed data will be used in the simulation to design an optimum development scheme for the lower reservoir units in the southern part of the field. The current dynamic simulations predicted that the injected water will reach producers after 7 to 10 years. However, the decision on field developments have to be taken early enough to avoid the slumping of water from upper to lower units and loss of reserves in the lower units. Early imaging of the injected water from the injection well into the reservoir is paramount in assessing the success of the pilot and future field development issues. It is anticipated that this tomographic Cross-well Electro-magnetic (EM) resistivity technique will provide sufficient imaging information to track the water flood movement between wells. The most favorable conditions to acquire reliable formation resistivity distribution information, EMI require at least one kilometer distance or separation between wells. Prior to the field deployment, simulations were run to confirm the applicability of the technique and define the parameters for the survey with objectives; 1) to check the sensitivity of EM technique to the reservoir conditions and injected fluids, and 2) to carry out actual EM tool simulation and check the quality of tool response. The study concluded; 1) cross-well EM resistivity technique is well suited for tracking the water front in the current reservoir conditions, 2) the injected fluids create enough resistivity contrast to be easily picked up by the technique, and 3) the flood front progress can be captured by conducting the surveys in a time-lapse mode. As part of this project, lab tests were conducted to choose a material that would limit the attenuation at high frequency as much as possible at source and receiver locations.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».