Evaluation of the Bottom Water Reservoir VAPEX Process
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Résumé
Abstract In 1998, Butler and Mokrys proposed a "Closed-Loop Extraction Method for the Recovery of Heavy Oils and Bitumens Underlain by Aquifers." The process has potential application to many Alberta and Saskatchewan heavy oil reservoirs. The objective of our work was to produce an experimental evaluation of solvent-assisted process options for bottom water reservoirs. The current work is entirely experimental, and provides data that may be used to back up a numerical simulation effort. The experimental series modelled a bottom water process in order to determine its feasibility for a field-scale oil recovery scheme. A series of five experiments were run in an acrylic visual model. Pujol and Boberg's scaling criteria(1) were used to produce a lab model scaling a field process by a geometric ratio of 100:1, and compressing field time by a ratio of 10,000:1. The model simulated a slice of a 30 m thick reservoir with a 10 m thick bottom water zone, containing a pair of horizontal wells at the oil-water interface, offset by 25 m. For field prediction, experimental results were scaled up to represent a 30 m thick reservoir (20 m thick oil zone) with 500 m horizontal wells. The experimental rates were negatively impacted by continuous low permeability layers and by oil with an initial gas content. The lower effective diffusion rates required that the surface area exposed to solvents be increased in order to achieve commercial oil recovery rates. The Bottom Water Process described in this report offers the opportunity to do just that, as the large surface area of the oil water interface between the wells will provide contact for solvent by injecting gas at the interface. Given an appropriate well spacing, high production rates should be possible. Introduction The Alberta Research Council (ARC) has done several years of investigative work into solvent-assisted heavy oil recovery processes(2, 3). The present report describes a particular contribution to solvent-assisted oil recovery technology; a comparative scaled physical model study of bottom water process options. The results of this work showed scaled field rates of 25.3 m3/d and a live oil scaled rate of 16.5 m3/d, both at 25 m offset well spacing. Mechanisms of the Bottom Water VAPEX Process The Bottom Water VAPEX Process, illustrated in Figure 1, is a recovery process depending on the interplay of several mechanisms for its success. The solubility of the gas in the oil is controlled by the k-values of the oil/solvent system. Diffusion, hydrodynamic dispersion, and swelling also play a role in the movement of gas into the reservoir oil. The oil flow is enabled by viscosity reduction due to the dissolution of solvent in the oil. Oil-solvent contact is further augmented by capillary pressure moving some oil into the vapour chamber zone, as was observed in Experiment #2. Heterogeneity of the reservoir sand further increased the surface produced by capillary action, but excessive layering can hinder the movement of oil, as was shown by Experiment #3.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
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