An Experimental Study on Three-Phase Flow in High-Pressure Air Injection (HPAI)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract High Pressure Air Injection, (HPAI) is an improved oil recovery process in which compressed air is injected into typically deep, light oil reservoirs. Part of the oil reacts exothermically with the oxygen in the air to produce flue gas (mainly composed of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water). Literature explaining the reaction mechanisms and phase interactions is available. Nevertheless, little effort has been devoted to describing gas, oil, and water three-phase flow behavior under HPAI reservoir conditions. Three coreflood experiments were conducted on Berea sandstone core. The first experiment consisted of injecting flue gas into core at initial oil and connate water saturations to obtain liquid-gas relative permeability data. The second experiment was designed to evaluate oil re-saturation, after gas sweep, simulating an HPAI thermal front. The third experiment consisted of gas displacing both oil and water completing the data necessary to plot the three phase relative permeability curves. Reservoir simulation was used to adjust relative permeability curves and hysteresis parameters by matching the pressure drop and production data. Introduction It is well known that the oil recovery mechanisms in HPAI are a combination of the highly efficient displacement by the reaction front and the light oil/flue gas compositional interactions such as oil swelling and/or vaporization and nearmiscible behavior1. However, the contribution of each of these recovery mechanisms has not been properly assessed2. Although an important amount of effort has been devoted to the characterization of oxidation kinetics3-5 and flue gas/light oil compositional interactions6,7, the process remains challenging to simulate even under controlled and ideal conditions, i.e. a combustion tube test. Some of the difficulties include the limited availability of experimental data to feed the numerical simulators with the required parameters, as well as the interdependence of these parameters and their variation with temperature. Assuming that these difficulties can be overcome by carrying out a study that allows a judicious analysis of experimental information and a careful treatment of the matched parameters in a numerical simulator, there is still a piece of information that has a strong influence on the simulation results and cannot be defaulted or left as a final matching tool: relative permeability. In an earlier study2, it was suggested that for a combustion tube match, the steps previous to air injection (water flood, and inert gas flood) can be used to find a reliable set of relative permeability curves for the run. It was also pointed out that the rock-fluid dataset should include a variation of relative permeability data with interfacial tension to account for changes in pressure, composition, and most importantly, temperature. While being this necessary, it still would not be sufficient to ensure a correct representation of the flow of phases in a porous medium subjected to HPAI. Ahead of the reaction front, the high mobility flue gas (mainly composed of nitrogen and carbon oxides) displaces oil and water at nearly reservoir temperature, while in the high temperature zone the gas flooded volume is re-saturated with oil and water that have been removed from the burnt or reacted volume. In both zones, three-phase flow is occurring.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».