Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract There is a rapidly growing interest, both nationally internationally, in the development of fuel cells for a wide range of applications, including as stationary power sources and for use in electrically powered vehicles. This research proposal is directed towards optimizing electrocatalyst performance in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), systems which run at temperatures of ca. 800 °C and involve the electrochemical oxidation of methane and other hydrocarbons at the anode, and the reduction of oxygen from air at the cathode. One of the world leaders in SOFC development, and the only Canadian company in this area, is Global Thermoelectric of Calgary, who are supporting this research work. The key objective of this proposed research project is to establish the structural and compositional characteristics of the SOFC electrodes which are essential to yielding the highest oxygen reduction and hydrocarbon fuel oxidation rates. The explicit long-term goal of our research in this area is the knowledgeable design of better-performing (more catalytic and more stable) low cost electrode materials for the SOFC, so that an environmentally clean, competitive high power and energy density system results. INTRODUCTION TO FUEL CELLS Fuel cells are high efficiency energy sources, which cleanly convert chemical energy into electricity. They were developed originally for use in the US aerospace program, where a high power:weight ratio was required and no toxic gases or effluents would be generated. More recently, with the emphasis on a cleaner environment and reduced emissions, a pronounced resurgence of interest in fuel cells is occurring internationally. There are several types of fuel cells currently under development, categorized partly by the temperature of their operation. In low temperature systems, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the most advanced, operating at ca. 70 °C. Hydrogen gas is oxidized at the anode, producing protons, which cross an electronically insulating, wet, polymeric membrane separator (the PEM), encountering OH- (produced from oxygen reduction at the cathode) and forming water at the cathode, which is siphoned off. In other PEM fuel cells currently under development, methanol is the fuel which is oxidized at the anode, with protons again crossing the membrane and water being formed at the cathode. The PEMFC is the type of fuel cell currently being developed by Ballard Power Systems (BPS) in Vancouver (in partnership with Toyota, Ford, and DaimlerChrysler), currently the world leader in PEMFC development. Other types of fuel cells operate at higher temperatures. Most notably, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), which runs at temperatures typically of 800 °C or more, is based on an anode and cathode separated by a thin, solid layer of yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). YSZ is an ionically conducting (at high temperatures), but electronically insulating, ceramic material. At the cathode, O2-, generated by the reduction of oxygen, passes through the YSZ solid electrolyte to the anode, where it combines with the oxidized products generated at the anode. Although the SOFC is not as close to commercialization, it can be operated with hydrogen, methane and higher hydrocarbons as the fuel, an extremely important feature in relation to the Alberta economy.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».