SS: Canadian: Atlantic Development - Mimimal Structures for Marginal Fields in Offshore Nova Scotia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The Nova Scotian Offshore has many undeveloped fields which contain various amounts of recoverable oil and gas. The amount of recoverable product, however, does not support the capital expense of major physical infrastructure which has been the norm for the previous offshore developments in this region. These marginal fields will require alternative types of infrastructure which will lower the overall requirement and costs of production. Minimal platforms have been known to reduce the size and cost of production developments, and in some cases eliminating the requirement of heavy lift vessels for offshore installation. This paper presents a study of the application of minimal structures for use in the severe environment of the Nova Scotian Offshore. A survey of the global fleet of the minimal structures is reviewed along with a comparative wave study to confirm the degree of increased severity of the Nova Scotian conditions. Three minimum platform concepts, which have no requirements for heavy lift vessels, are presented. Case Studies are provided to confirm the performance of the structures in the Nova Scotian conditions. Introduction The economic viability of an offshore development is not only dependent upon the quality of the discovery itself, but is also heavily influenced by the cost of the offshore facility that will extract and distribute the hydrocarbon. Offshore fields, which have questionable economic viability, are considered ‘marginal fields’. Some marginal fields have become economically viable by reducing the cost of the offshore facility used to extract and distribute the product. The reduction in cost of the facility is significantly attributed to reducing the size of the offshore installation. These types of installations are referred to as ‘minimal platforms’. Minimal platforms as designed to current standards have been shown to be robust and suitable for many different offshore regions (WS Atkins 2002). Minimal platforms reduce the cost of the facility in a number of ways:–Reduction in steel weight–Simplified fabrication methods–Reduction in production equipment–Elimination of heavy lift vessels Currently the Nova Scotian Offshore (NSO) region has many discoveries which could be defined as marginal fields. Historically offshore field development for the NSO has used standard large scale and capital intensive infrastructure which would likely be uneconomical for these marginal fields. Minimal platforms may provide more cost effective options for future developments. The reduction in platform size and weight has many advantages. These smaller and lighter platforms may eliminate the requirement for extremely expensive offshore heavy lift vessels. The mobilization of these vessels to the remote NSO can have a huge impact on the cost of an offshore installation. Utilization of innovative transport and installation techniques can eliminate the need for these vessels and greatly reduce the installation costs. However, the NSO seastate is of significant importance in consideration of the use of minimal platforms. The environmental conditions offshore of Eastern Canada are considered severe. Large waves, high tides, strong currents, high winds, spray ice and cold temperatures are some of the factors to be contended with in the design of an offshore facility. These environmental conditions play a significant role in determining the structural robustness of the facility. This study sets out to develop appropriate minimal structure concepts which would provide suitable structural and operational robustness for consideration in future marginal field developments for the NSO.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».