Scientific Ocean Drilling: Characterizing and Sampling Methane Hydrates
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Scientific ocean drilling programs such as the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP, 1968-1983) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP, 1985-2003) have pioneered the study of marine methane hydrates through the development and application of sampling tools, wireline measurements and other techniques used to characterize hydrate deposits along continental margins. These tools and techniques have evolved over many years of engineering development and field trials on multiple expeditions, which have been marked by strong collaborative efforts among academic and industry participants with support from government sponsors. This paper will describe the current status of some of these tools and measurement systems and discuss their potential use in global deepwater exploration of marine methane hydrate. Knowledge of the gas concentration in deep sediment is critical for understanding the dynamics of hydrate formation and the effect hydrates may have on the physical properties of the sediment. However, reliable data on gas concentration are difficult to obtain. The only way to determine true in situ concentrations of natural gas in the sub-seafloor is to retrieve cores in an autoclave chamber that maintains as closely as possible in situ conditions. Characterizing natural marine methane hydrate deposits helps to advance our understanding of these ubiquitous deposits and determine their role as a hazard to be avoided or a potential resource to be explored. Introduction To date, three dedicated scientific ocean drilling expeditions have been undertaken to advance our understanding of marine methane hydrates, namely, ODP Legs 164 (Blake Ridge and Carolina Rise; Ref. 1) and 204 (Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon; Ref. 2) and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 311 (Cascadia Margin, offshore Vancouver Island, Canada; Ref. 3). These dedicated expeditions, which served to sequentially advance the tools, methods and procedures used to study hydrate deposits, were highly successful because of strong collaborative efforts among engineers, scientists and technicians to develop, test and deploy new technologies in innovative ways. For example, closely spaced measurements of temperature made using thermistors inserted into sediment through plastic core liners during ODP Leg 164, evolved into continuous noninvasive measurements of thermal anomalies made using infrared thermal imaging cameras during ODP Leg 204. Similarly, the availability of a single tool for wireline pressure coring on ODP Leg 164 (Ref. 4), evolved into the use of multiple pressure coring tools on ODP Leg 204 due to the synergistic efforts of U.S., European and Japanese groups of engineers and scientists focused on similar research and development goals over several years (Ref. 5). These tools and techniques have coalesced into a set of integrated operational procedures that serve to provide a robust system for characterizing methane hydrates in their natural environment and in the laboratory onboard the JOIDES Resolution.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».