Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Energy is a key element of the sustainable interactions between nature and society, and it is considered a key input for economic development. It has an environmental impact that spans a continuously growing range of pollutants, hazards, and eco-system degradation factors, which affect areas from local through regional to global levels. Some of the major concerns arise from observable, chronic effects on, for instance, human health and economic growth, while others stem from actual or perceived environmental risks, such as possible accidental releases of hazardous materials, to an increasing number of natural disasters (e.g. hurricanes, droughts). Many environmental problems are caused by or related to the production, transformation, transportation, distribution, conversion, and consumption of energy. Some well-known examples include acid rain, stratospheric ozone depletion, and global climate change. Green energy is regarded as an essential element for energy security, sustainable development, and social, technological, industrial, and governmental innovations in a country. An increase in the green energy consumption of a country often provides a positive impact on economic growth and social development. Of course the use of fossil fuels has also resulted in economic growth and social development since industrial revolution, but it exerted a heavy toll on the environment. Moreover, the supply and utilization of low-priced green fuel is particularly significant for global stability, since energy plays a vital role in industrial and technological development around the world. Green energy, the form and utilization of energy that has no or minimal negative environmental, economic, and societal impact, is essential to achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable, and may be better achieved through energy diversity with local energy resources, such as solar, hydro, biomass, wind, geothermal, and other renewable resources. Green energy can be utilized to reduce the negative effects of hydrocarbon energy resources and their emissions during power generation, especially greenhouse gases. It provides an important option for meeting clean energy demand for both industrial and non-industrial applications. Green energy is consequently a major factor in future sustainable development and world stability. There are 11 papers in this special Green Energy issue of IJER that cover a range of topics such as green thermodynamics, sustainability, hydrogen economy, greenhouse gas reductions, innovative solar collectors, and mapping of wave energy resources. These papers are selected from the papers presented at the 2nd International Green Energy Conference (IGEC-2) at the University of Ontario, Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ont., Canada, 25–29 June 2006, which was a multi-disciplinary conference on the production, application, and use of environmentally friendly and sustainable energy. We hope that this special issue of IJER will increase the awareness on green energy, and attract more attention to this important topic.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,008 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,015 |
| Communication savante | 0,013 | 0,022 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,010 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,013 | 0,014 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,019 | 0,006 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».