A Clinical Investigation into the Relationship between Increased Periwound Skin Temperature and Local Wound Infection in Patients with Chronic Leg Ulcers
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Résumé
In Brief PURPOSE: To enhance the clinician's knowledge about the relationship between increased periwound skin temperature and local wound infection in patients with chronic leg ulcers. TARGET AUDIENCE: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. OBJECTIVE: After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to: Interpret research findings on chronic wound assessment including skin temperature assessments. Examine the study reported in this article for appropriate use of periwound skin temperature assessment. Analyze this study's findings regarding the relationship between skin temperature and chronic wound infection. OBJECTIVE: Increased local temperature is a classic sign of wound infection, and its quantitative measurement has the potential to assist with assessment and diagnosis of chronic deep wound and surrounding skin infection at the bedside. Evidence supporting such use in chronic wound care is very limited. This clinical pilot study was conducted in an attempt to quantify the relationship between increased periwound skin temperature and wound infection, as well as validate use of a handheld infrared thermometer for the wound care practitioner. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Using a cross-sectional design, 2 groups of participants were recruited from a chronic wound clinic: without wounds (n = 20) and with chronic leg ulcers (n = 40). Participant and wound characteristics were documented. All skin temperatures were documented using a handheld infrared thermometer under consistent environmental conditions within the clinic. Data analysis was based on the difference (Δ) in skin temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) between a target or wound site and an equivalent contralateral control site. Wound infection was identified using the combination of a validated assessment tool and clinical judgment. Supplemental semiquantitative bacterial swabs were collected from all wounds. OUTCOME MEASURES: Descriptive statistics were analyzed using the chi-squared calculation. A Pearson r calculation of test-retest skin temperature data collected from nonwounded participants initially determined reliability of the infrared thermometer. Correlation of increased periwound skin temperature to wound infection was determined by calculation of a 1-way analysis of variance. MAIN RESULTS: The infrared thermometer was found to be reliable (r = 0.939, P = .000 at a 95% confidence interval). A statistically significant relationship between increased periwound skin temperature and wound infection was identified (F = 44.238, P = .000 at a 95% confidence interval). Neither patient nor wound characteristics were significantly different between the participants with noninfected or infected wounds. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that incorporating quantitative skin temperature measurement into routine wound assessment provides a timely and reliable method for a wound care practitioner to quantify the heat associated with deep and surrounding skin infection and to monitor ongoing wound status. Study limitations may reduce transferability of these findings to wound types other than chronic leg ulcers. Further research is needed to support and strengthen these results. In this continuing education activity, the authors discuss the relationship between increased periwound skin temperature and wound infection, as well as validate use of a handheld infrared thermometer for the wound care practitioner.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle