Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract To achieve first oil production offshore Newfoundland and Labrador, many challenges had to be overcome, including conducting exploration and development activities in an area with limited infrastructure, resolution of a jurisdictional dispute, design of production systems to operate in the presence of icebergs and pack ice. These have been overcome. The success of exploration and production activities demonstrates that despite the presence of ice, these activities can be conducted in a safe, environmentally sound, cost-effective and profitable manner. In addition, significant potential existed to increase production from this lightly explored area. Figure 1: Area Comparison, Newfoundland - North Sea (Available in full paper) Introduction Oil and gas exploration in Eastern Canada's offshore Newfoundland and Labrador area, and the Norway and UK sectors of the North Sea, began about the same time. While first gas and oil production began offshore UK in 1970 and offshore Norway in 1975, it did not occur offshore Newfoundland and Labrador until 1997. First oil production offshore Newfoundland and Labrador was achieved only after several technical and political challenges were resolved. These included: conducting operations in environmental conditions similar to the North Sea with the presence of ice; lack of infrastructure to support exploration, development and production activities; jurisdictional dispute between the Federal and Provincial governments; and a boundary dispute between the Governments of Canada and France. Oil and gas exploration activity began onshore western Newfoundland in the mid-1800s. There was some success with a small quantity of oil produced and processed. It was not until much later that the potential for oil and gas offshore was widely recognized. In 1965, with the issuance of federal exploratory permits, exploration activity offshore Newfoundland and Labrador was initiated. The offshore area is large, about 185 million hectares, and contains in excess of 15 basins and subbasins with diverse geology. About half of this area is prospective for petroleum, and several basins have confirmed petroleum systems. Figure 1 presents a comparison of the offshore Newfoundland and Labrador area to that of the United Kingdom and Norway offshore areas. At the time of issuance of the first federal permits, there existed a jurisdictional dispute between the Government of Canada and the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador over ownership of the petroleum resources. As well there was a boundary dispute between the Governments of Canada and France over an offshore area of the French islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. Despite these disputes, exploration activities continued with industry reporting to Federal and Provincial government regulatory agencies. In the early years, little infrastructure was available to support exploration, development or production activities. In essence, the area was a green field site. The regulatory system was also at an early development stage and industry had to develop procedures and strategies to cope with the seasonal presence of pack-ice and icebergs. The first exploration well, drilled by Pan American and Imperial in 1966, encountered gas shows.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».