Numerical Modelling of Cuttings Transport With Foam in Horizontal Wells
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In this study, a one-dimensional unsteady-state two-phase mechanistic model of cuttings transport with foam in horizontal wells has been developed. A new critical deposition velocity correlation for foam-cuttings flow is introduced. The model is solved numerically to predict cuttings bed height as a function of the drilling rate, the gas and the liquid injection rates, the rate of gas and liquid influx from the reservoir, and the borehole geometry. Results of the sensitivity analyses study are presented. Introduction The Alberta Energy and Utilities Board defines underbalanced drilling (UBD) as "when the hydrostatic head of a drilling fluid is intentionally designed to be lower than the pressure of the formation being drilled, the operation will be considered underbalanced drilling(1)." The benefits of UBD include increased productivity by reducing formation damage, increased rate of drilling bit penetration, minimization or elimination of lost circulation, improved formation evaluation while drilling, reduction or elimination of differential pipe sticking, reduced stimulation requirements, and earlier production. Foam is favourably used in UBD operations because of its variable density and good cuttings transport ability. Field application of the foamed drilling fluids is very often complicated because of the difficulties encountered in controlling their hydraulic properties. The complex flow mechanism involved in the circulation of foam makes a determination of the optimum combination of liquid and gas injection rates very difficult. Other questions also exist, such as how to predict the bottom-hole pressure and how to combine different controllable variables in order to obtain optimum cuttings transport performance and bit hydraulics. In order to simulate the hydraulics of the foam drilling realistically, factors including foam rheological properties, drag coefficient of cuttings in foam, formation fluid influx, drillpipe eccentricity, and drilling rate need to be considered in any modelling study. An example of such a modelling study is presented in this article. Okpobiri and Ikoku(2) developed a semi-empirical model for cuttings transport with air, mist, and foam in vertical wellbores. Harris et al.(3) suggested that foam-particle flow for hydraulic fracturing could be treated as a homogeneous flow. Medley and Liu(4) presented a one-dimensional steady-state foam flow model by modifying earlier models presented by Lord(5) and Sp?rker et al.(6) Drill cuttings and gas were considered as homogeneous internal phases of foam and the mixture properties were used to solve the steady-state mechanical energy balance equation. Owayed(7) developed a one-dimensional steady-state computational model for UBD by assuming a homogeneous flow of foam in a vertical well. The model included the effect of water influx into the wellbore during drilling. Valk? and Economides(8) established a method that combined the principle of volume equalization(9) with the method of constant-internal-phase(3) for foam-proppant flow. Guo et al.(10) presented an analytical model to estimate the bottom hole pressure when drilling with foam in directional wells. They recognized that the compressibility of foam could cause the cuttings concentration at a given depth to be different from the ones at the surface, rendering inappropriate calculations of the minimum required cuttings transport velocities.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».