Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Over the past three decades a rather astonishing change occurred in the trajectory of capitalist societies.Working class achievements that were formerly seen as examples of capitalism's successrising standards of living, growing economic security -were suddenly redefined as 'problems'.Concessions and permanent insecurity became the new norm, rising inequality the new inevitability.The catch-all term to describe this was 'neoliberalism' and Adolph Reed, a prominent US political scientist, nicely summarized its essence as 'capitalism without a working class opposition.' 1 This succinctly highlights the kind of society we get when labour is weak.But more important, it pushes us to confront the limited resistance of labour to that rightward shift since the end of the 1970s.This period did of course witness examples of courageous struggles and moments that brought glimpses of labour's potentials.In fact, the response of Canadian labour was generally more impressive than elsewhere.Yet given the extent of the assault on working people, labour's response was too sporadic, too timid, and far too narrow in scope.It's this failure that I want to discuss -not in any spirit of giving up on unions, but as part of demanding more from this crucial institution.The last time there was as profound an economic breakdown as the recent financial crisis was in the 1930s.The contrast between the labour movement's current reaction and the earlier one couldn't be starker.Then, with the predominantly craft-based unions reeling and trapped in exclusive, increasingly bureaucratized structures, a rebellion within the labour movement -with communists playing a prominent role -gave birth to industrial unionism, an inclusive unionism committed to organizing across skills, race and gender.The new unionism brought dramatic new tactics such as the sit-downs, new strategies that included industry-wide bargaining, and spread new forms of in-plant democracy based on the shop steward system.Today union structures are again in crisis, but nothing comparable to the labour explosion of the 30s has yet emerged or is even much talked about.When those of us who support labour by silencing ourselves out of sensitivity to the assault it's facing, we do labour no favour.Nothing is more important to the renewal of the labour movement than to soberly confront the mess it's in and encourage the most open and creative discussion of how it might move on.In addressing this, I want to set out three arguments.First, that unless we bring the notion of class, in all its complexities, back into our strategies, no renewal of labour is possible.Second, to speak about bringing class into our unions isn't about abstract ideological pronouncements; it's about addressing the very practical needs of the working class, its responsibilities and potentials.It's also not about putting forth radical policy alternatives if we're not at the same time building the power to actually act radically.And that involves transforming everything about unions' structures and functioning.Third, unions alone -even stronger and better ones -aren't enough.Success in defending and advancing the lives of working people will require new forms of working class organizations beyond unions.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,010 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,010 | 0,010 |
| Communication savante | 0,014 | 0,013 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,015 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,006 | 0,010 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,070 | 0,011 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».