Evaluations Of New Protective Uniforms Must Include Heat Strain During MOPP1 To Determine Heat Tolerance During MOPP4
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
New biological and chemical protective uniforms are designed to lower heat strain and increase exposure time (ET) when worn in the highest state of military oriented protective posture (MOPP 4). However, these garments are also intended to replace the normal battle dress uniform (BDU) and worn when the threat is low, or MOPP 1. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were twofold; first, to examine whether heat strain experienced during MOPP 1 impacted on ET after the transition to MOPP 4; and second, to determine whether the use of vents in the arms and legs of the new CBplus uniform reduced heat strain during MOPP 1 and increased ET during MOPP 4. METHODS: Eight males (34 ± 8 y, 87 ± 11 kg, 181 ± 7 cm) performed a familiarization session and 4 trials at 35°C and 50% relative humidity with low wind (1 m/s) walking at 4.5 km/h for 90 min in MOPP 1 and up to a further 90 min in MOPP 4. For trial A subjects wore BDU in MOPP 1 with an overgarment during MOPP 4. Trial B was a 1-piece uniform worn over underwear and a T-shirt in MOPP 1 and MOPP 4 whereas trials C and D involved wearing the CBplus 2-piece uniform over underwear and a T-shirt. During D vents along the arm and upper and lower leg were opened in MOPP 1 but closed during MOPP 4 whereas the vents were closed at all times for C. All trials included the wearing of fragmentation and tactical assault vests and a helmet. RESULTS: Heart rates were lowest during MOPP 1 for A (114 ± 14) andD (114± 13)versusB(122± 19) and C (122 ± 17). Likewise, skin temperature during MOPP 1 was lower for D (35.2 ± 0.8°C) than B (35.8 ± 1.0°C) and C (35.6 ± 1.0°C). Also, A(35.4± 1.0°C) was lower than B. After 90 min in MOPP 1 rectal temperature (Tre) had increased the least in A (0.84 ± 0.2°C) versus the other trials and was significantly lower for D (0.96 ± 0.33°C) compared with C (1.04 ± 0.3°C). Tre increased rapidly during MOPP 4 for A, which also had the shortest ET (40 ± 9 min). The increased thermal strain during MOPP 1 for B offset its theoretical advantage in MOPP 4 such that ET (46 ± 21) min was similar to A. Differences in Tre between C and D remained during MOPP 4 where ET was increased during D (74 ±17 min) and C (62 ±19 min). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the heat strain generated during MOPP 1 impacted ET following the transition to MOPP 4, and the use of vents in the arms and legs of the CBplus uniform reduced heat strain during MOPP 1 thereby increasing ET during MOPP 4.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».