Effect of Dead Oil Viscosity and Injected Solvent Type on SVX Process Performance
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract This work presents experimental results of four 3D physical model experiments that were performed to evaluate the dependence of solvent vapour extraction (SVX) recovery process performance on initial dead oil viscosity and injected solvent mixture composition. Model excavation studies were also performed to approximate the solvent movement in the physical model and to map out the residual oil saturation and precipitated asphaltenes. All of the four experiments — designated as SVX 14, 15, 16 and 17A — were performed on a 3D physical model (having permeability and porosity of ~4 darcy and ~33%, respectively) that was oriented vertically to provide model dimensions of 2.5 m thick by 0.2 m wide by 0.5 m long. The 0.5-m-long horizontal top injection and bottom production wells were separated laterally across the width and vertically across the thickness. Prior to solvent injection the model was resaturated with live oil containing methane at a gas/oil ratio ranging from 8.5 to 11 sm3/sm3. The initial dead oil viscosity at 21°C for SVX 14, 15, 16 and 17A were approximately 13,000, 33,000, 16,000, and 48,000 mPa•s, respectively. The composition of the injected solvent mixture for SVX 14 and 15 was ~57/43 mol% of methane (C1)/propane (C3) and for SVX 16 and 17A was ~57/43 mol% of carbon dioxide (CO2)/propane (C3). The analysis of the experimental results revealed that the initial dead oil viscosity had a significant effect on the SVX performance. Higher oil production rates were achieved with the lower viscosity oils for both injected solvent mixture types, with a more pronounced effect observed when using the CO2/C3 solvent mixture. The results also showed that the CO2/C3 mixture resulted in earlier solvent breakthrough and initial oil production, reduced solvent makeup requirements (i.e., better solvent recycle stream), and reduced solvent retention in the model/reservoir, as compared to the C1/C3 solvent mixture. The residual oil saturation mapping showed that the CO2/C3 mixture led to comparatively lower values in the drained regions and higher amount of precipitated asphaltenes remaining in the model, although there was evidence of some precipitated asphaltenes close to both the injection and production wells in all four experiments, regardless of the solvent mixture type. Finally, this mapping also indicated that the solvent/oil interfaces and solvent chambers were more uniform and predictable for the CO2/C3 solvent mixture injection. The field scale application and optimization of SVX processes requires that relationships be established among oil production rates, solvent utilization, and important process parameters such as matrix permeability, initial oil viscosity, solvent mixture composition, solvent utilization, etc. This work has attempted to generate such relationships for the two most promising mixed solvent systems being considered for use in heavy oil reservoirs.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».