Pembina Cardium CO2 Monitoring Project, Alberta, Canada—Geochemical interpretation of produced fluid compositions
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
A CO 2 monitoring pilot was initiated at the Penn West Energy Trust CO 2 EOR operations within the Cardium formation of the Pembina Field. The Penn West Pembina-Cardium CO 2 EOR Monitoring research program focused on well integrity, local/ regional geology and hydrology, extensive monitoring of CO 2 and short and long predictive modeling. The geochemical modelling program of the Penn West Monitoring Project quantified the chemical reactions that occur between the gas -oil-water-rock within the reservoir prior to, during, and following CO 2 injection. An equilibrium speciation geochemical model was used to examine the field produced water compositions. Many of the produced waters are undersaturated with respect to calcite. This is most easily explained when mixtures of waters of quite different chemical compositions are produced from a single producing well. This observation has important implications for the interpretation of produced water compositions and demonstrates that flow within the reservoir must be understood to fully interpret the chemistry signatures. A reaction mass transfer model was used to evaluate the chemical processes in the reservoir (short and long term) and to evaluate the thermodyn amic data base. It established that the dominant reaction controlling the short term water composition was ion exchange reactions, coupled with calcite dissolution and CO 2 transfer from the oil phase. It was also used as a predictive tool to estimate them ineralogical reactions which will ultimately be responsible for the long term trapping of the injected CO 2 . GEM-GHG was used to calculate the chemical processes occurring during the various phases of hydrocarbon recovery, including the predicted evolution of produced water compositions, and th e results compared to field measurements. Discrepancies between the modeled and the measured field data can be used to refine the model, improving our understanding of chemical processes in the reservoir. The geochemic al models allow an assessment of the amount of CO 2 trapping in each of the major units in the reservoir. There are large uncertainties in the absolute value of the amounts, but they allow a direct comparison between trapping mechanisms and a direct comparison between the trapping in each reservoir unit. This work represents a first study to demonstrate the potential of using geochemical sampling and measurements and integrating them with reservoir models for secondary and tertiary oil recovery.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».