In Situ Bitumen Viscosity and Saturation Estimation From Core Log Integration for Canadian Oil Sands
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Canadian oil sands contain bitumen with viscosity above 100,000 cP at in-situ conditions. Thermal recovery of this oil requires knowledge of both the oil and water saturation profile, and also the oil viscosity profile in the reservoir. A core-log integration program was conducted for in-situ viscosity and saturation estimation. Two wells were logged with NMR and other special petrophysical logs. Core samples on these wells were taken for lab NMR and other special core analyses, with the goal of calibrating the logging tool outputs against the laboratory core data. Lab NMR measurements were conducted on both core and extracted bitumen samples at different temperatures (12, 20, 50, and 80 °C). Viscosities were also measured for the bitumen samples at these same temperatures. Results show that when viscosity is higher than 100,000 cP, oil viscosity is no longer sensitive to T2 geometric mean, but it still strongly correlates to a parameter defined as the relative hydrogen index (RHI) of the oil (Bryan et al., 2003). RHI is a convenient way of expressing how much of the signal is lost due to the rapidly relaxing components that are not fully captured by NMR equipment. This is also consistent with LaTorraca's (1999) findings, but in the Canadian oil sands the bitumen samples have viscosity values much higher than the heavy oil samples studied by LaTorraca. These results demonstrate that, while in heavy oils the oil mean relaxation time is a valuable parameter for predicting in-situ viscosity, in bitumen formations the RHI term will be the primary NMR parameter for predicting oil viscosity. The results from the lab NMR have been integrated with NMR and other petrophysical logs for viscosity and saturation estimation. A workflow is developed for core-log integration. First, oil/water T2cutoff values were calibrated using Dean-Stark core saturation and lab NMR measurements to establish the separation between oil and water signals in the spectra. Then the water amplitude and oil apparent amplitude were calculated from the NMR log using the calibrated T2cutoff. Finally, water saturation and RHI were computed from the amplitude; while oil viscosity was computed from the RHI using the correlations developed from core-log integration. The output from this study is a combined calculation of fluid saturations, oil viscosity and an indication of variability in pore size distribution within the formation. This allows for an improved understanding of optimal locations for well placement and the expected growth of the steam chamber within the reservoir during thermal operations.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».