A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Performances of Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer in Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Chemical flooding, especially alkaline/polymer/surfactant (ASP) flooding is of significant increasing interest in mature reservoirs because of high oil prices and larger energy demands. However, it is a very complicated process, and the success of ASP has been mostly demonstrated in laboratory scale. Additionally, ASP is very sensitive to reservoir heterogeneity; therefore, it is urgent and necessary to have a comprehensive investigation of ASP flooding in different reservoir types for a wider and more successful implementation. This paper aims to solve the prior problems for achieving a new insight vision of ASP flooding. Firstly, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to optimize the ASP solution. A new mixture of single and double tail anionic surfactant was proposed as a promising approach for high temperature and hardness reservoirs. These mixtures are also more compatible with polymer and increase the optimum salinity. All of the important factors such as alkaline/polymer/surfactant concentration, pH, temperature, salinity, ionic strength were taken in account. And, the experimental result was analyzed by experimental design techniques which allow for evaluating the interaction among those factors which were usually eliminated in literature. Based on these above achievements in laboratory, full fields scale simulations have been done to assess the performance of ASP in various real field conditions from conventional to unconventional reservoirs which are including traditional sandstone reservoir, tight sandstone oil reservoir, naturally fractured basement reservoir. As an observation result, ASP flooding brings a higher oil recovery (about 10 to 28%), and lower water cut than traditional waterflooding in all of four case studies. However, the incremental amount is not similar since geology characteristics have strong effects on ASP process. The simulation result proved that the fractured reservoirs with low matrix permeability are not suitable candidates for ASP. On the contrary, ASP has great potential for enhancing heavy oil recovery, especially in small and thin reservoirs. A sensitivity analysis was performed for determining the optimal ASP solution and injective scheme for each reservoir condition.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».