Providing supplementary milk to suckling dairy calves improves performance at separation and weaning
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Dam rearing can provide health and welfare benefits, but separation and weaning are major welfare challenges. We investigated whether access to an additional source of milk from an automatic milk feeder (AMF) would improve weight gains after separation and weaning. During the first 6wk of life (dam phase), calves were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments using a parallel group design with repeated measures: nursing (n=10) and combined (n=10) calves could suckle from their dams at night (between 2000 and 0800h), and combined calves also had access to 12 L of milk/d accessible 24h/d from an AMF. Milk feeder calves (n=10) also had access to an AMF 24h/d and were housed with the dam at night but were prevented from suckling by an udder net. Separation from the dam occurred after 6wk in 2 phases with decreasing contact between cow and calf: partial separation (duration 4d) and total separation (duration 3d). At separation, all calves were granted access to 12 L of milk 24h/d from the AMF until weaning began at 7wk of age. We hypothesized that access to an AMF during the dam phase would result in less weight loss at separation and weaning compared with calves that had been nutritionally dependent upon the cow (i.e., nursing calves). Calf weight gain during the dam phase averaged (±SD) 1.1±0.26kg/d and did not vary with treatment. Combined calves drank less milk from the AMF compared with milk feeder calves during the dam phase (mean ± SEM daily milk intake: 1.1±0.38 vs. 8.2±0.34 L/d) and tended to drink less during partial separation (6.7±1.28 vs. 9.8±1.02 L/d), but milk intake from the AMF did not differ between these treatments in the later phases. During the same phases, nursing calves consumed less milk from the AMF than the other treatments; of the 10 calves, 6 did not use the AMF (consuming <1.5 L/d) after the dam phase. After separation, nursing calves gained less weight than calves in both the milk feeder and combined treatments (0.8±0.16 vs. 1.2±0.08kg/d). Calves using the AMF after separation (n=23; 4 nursing calves, 9 combined calves, and 10 milk feeder calves) had a higher average daily gain compared with calves that did not (n=7; 6 nursing calves and 1 combined calf; 1.2±0.07 vs. 0.6±0.21kg, respectively). In conclusion, use of the AMF after separation varied, but providing an additional milk source reduced nutritional dependency on the dam, improving calf performance at weaning and separation.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».