Development Status of a Metal Progressing Cavity Pump for Heavy-Oil and Hot-Production Wells
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This article, written by Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 97796, "Development Status of a Metal Progressing Cavity Pump for Heavy-Oil and Hot-Production Wells," by J.-L. Beauquin and C. Boireau, Total E&P, and L. Lemay and L. Seince, PCM Pompes, prepared for the 2005 SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium, Calgary, 1–3 November. Progressing cavity pumps (PCPs) often are used for cold heavy-oil production because of their adaptability to viscous and abrasive fluids. However, for thermal recovery, a standard PCP is not adaptable because the elastomer of the stator, the heart of the pump, cannot withstand fluid temperatures higher than 160°C. An all-metal pump, avoiding the elastomer weakness, has been developed. Validation tests began in early 2005 using extra heavy crude with temperatures up to 200°C, pressure up to 75 bar, and flow rates up to 260 m3/d at 350 rpm. The flow-rate range will be as high as 1000 m3/d. Introduction Most oil fields require some type of artificial lift at some point in time. When sufficient gas is available, gas lift may be a viable lift method because it involves relatively low-cost well interventions and tolerates numerous flow constraints, such as high gas content, gas slugging, sand production, and high temperature. When a gas lift system is inadequate, too expensive, or not possible, the artificial-lift needs challenge downhole pump capabilities and features. Some wells are able to use hydrodynamic pumps such as centrifugal, helicoaxial, or hydraulic-jet pumps because of the very high volume to be lifted. However, these pumping technologies are expensive. Most pumped wells are equipped with positive-displacement pumps, which can be adapted to changing conditions of pumped fluid. Beam- and rod-driven plunger pumps can be adapted to handle many types of fluids because they are simple, robust, and well understood. However, in heavy oil, rod failure is the most common limitation, which leads to limiting the well production, which, in turn, worsens the risk of sand settling in the pump. Also, slow closure of traveling and standing valves is a cause of poor efficiency in viscous mixtures. Pumping in horizontal or highly deviated wells also limits the plunger downstroke because it is powered by the driving part of the rod-string weight. Thermal production methods generate fluctuating inflow properties that change rod-failure causes and reduce the run life of the system. During the 1980s, rotating-rod-driven PCPs were developed for oilfield applications. PCPs are used for viscous oil, horizontal wells, and sandy production. Rod-driven PCPs are used for cold pro-duction of heavy oil and often are used in conventional mature fields as a cheaper lift method than beam pumps. The standard PCP stator is made of elastomer, which is the source of most of the pump's limitations including fluid temperature and gas and aromatics content.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».