Installing Jackups in Punch-Through-Sensitive Clays
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ABSTRACT The paper describes some of the problems of installing a jackup adjacent to a fixed platform in an area with difficult geotechnical conditions. An account is presented of the initial problems experienced at a location that resulted in a punchthrough and consequent structural damage to the legs of a modern jackup. The geotechnical conditions and available geotechnical surveys are described as are the subsequent additional geotechnical surveys required to identify whether a similar jackup could be safely re-instated at the location. The analyses indicated that geotechnical remediation would be required and the adopted method of ‘swiss-cheesing’ is discussed. Comments are made on the subsequent successful installation and eventual removal of the second jackup. The paper is directed towards owners and operators wishing to install jackups at locations where punch-through sensitive clays are present. It provides conclusions on the requirements from geotechnical surveys at such locations and on the benefits and implications of undertaking geotechnical remedial programs. Punch-through represents a major risk in the operations of jackup platforms in certain geotechnical conditions and the avoidance of such risks by the techniques described has a considerable economic value. SUMMARY AND INTRODUCTION In August 2004 a new jackup was installed at the Belida B wellhead platform (WHP) offshore Indonesia in the Natuna Sea in order to drill over a conventional steel jacket. The water depth at the location was 249ft (75.9m). The jackup was positioned on the south face of the jacket with a heading of 210 degrees. The unit was successfully located in the desired position (despite some sliding problems encountered due to spudcan craters left by a previous unit) and elevated out of the water in order to apply full preload. The preload had been held for just over 2.3 hours when additional penetration of the starboard leg was observed. Despite attempts to maintain the unit in a level condition the situation grew rapidly worse and the hull swayed and yawed to starboard until it stabilized in an afloat condition with its legs broken just below the hull. The unit was successfully removed for repairs. The legs which had broken off and were embedded in the seabed were then recovered by a floating sheer-leg crane. The operators of the field were anxious to complete their drilling program and during the following year arrangements were made to examine whether a jack-up could be safely installed at the same location. The jackup selected was of the same design as that which had been damaged during the earlier installation attempt. New geotechnical survey data was obtained from the disturbed soil locations where the legs had been removed and this indicated that the risk of a punchthrough was still present. Means of remediating the seabed were examined and as a result of these studies it was decided that a process known as ‘swiss-cheesing’ should be adopted in order to ensure that the jackup spudcans would be driven safely through the layer of stiff material found to be overlying a weaker layer..
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».