Supporting Guidelines for Reviewing Reliability-Based Assessments of Onshore Non-Sour Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In Canada, a great deal of effort has been invested into the use of reliability-based techniques for the design and assessment of non-sour natural gas transmission pipelines. This led to the inclusion of Annex O in the Canadian onshore pipeline code CSA Z662 in 2007, which gives detailed descriptions of all of the key components of reliability-based approaches. However, the annex does not and is not intended to provide recipes for using the reliability-based techniques for particular fields of application such as evaluating the acceptability of changes to location class, service or increasing maximum operating pressure. Consequently, the onus is on the reliability/integrity engineer to tailor the approach to the particular field of application and the specifics of the pipeline. This means that even working in accordance with the code, the approach and optimizing techniques adopted by one engineer may be very different to that adopted by another. This presents a challenge for those reviewing reliability based plans, designs and alternatives for approval. The National Energy Board (NEB) engaged Andrew Francis & Associates Ltd (AFAA) to assist them with constructing a set of supporting guidelines to assess the comprehensiveness and safety of reliability based submissions. Unlike customary design reviews, the guidelines are geared towards provoking a reviewer into asking delving questions rather than into going through a ‘box-checking’ questionnaire. Indeed, asking the case-specific and clarification questions is regarded as a crucial step towards determining the adequacy and effectiveness of the measures proposed in the content and conclusions of a particular filing. Simply questioning whether Annex O has been followed is not encouraged and, even when safety criteria appear to have been met (i.e. box-checking), a reviewer is prompted to challenge the reasonableness of assumptions and ask whether safety levels are providing the lowest practicable risk to the Canadian public. One line of inquiring might be: are sufficient data available; are the data reliable; are the data relevant to the case under consideration; or have the data been analyzed using a valid method applicable to the case. Other typical questions would be have the consequences been properly assessed and are the mitigative and preventative measures providing the lowest practicable risk compared to pressure reduction and pipe replacement. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the assessment guidelines and the approach and key considerations for conducting efficient, consistent and fair reviews of reliability based assessments of hazardous material pipelines. In doing so, the paper also identifies some of the pitfalls that engineers conducting reliability based integrity assessments should seek to avoid.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle