Ozone production from Canadian wildfires during June and July of 1995
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
During the summer of 1995, especially between June and mid July, extensive wildfires occurred throughout Canada, primarily north of 55°N latitude. A previous report used aircraft and surface observations and tracer simulations to show these fires strongly influenced CO concentrations as far south as 35°N in the central and eastern United States [ Wotawa and Trainer , 2000 ]. This study extends those results by incorporating wildfire emissions estimates for CO, NO x , and nonmethane hydrocarbons into a three‐dimensional photochemical transport model specifically designed to simulate ozone photochemistry in the continental United States. The results of the model are compared to observations from four measurement platforms deployed during the time period of interest: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP‐3 aircraft observations collected during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study (SOS‐95) field campaign; 12 eastern U.S. surface stations that measured ozone, CO, and NO y ; rural ozone measurements from the Aerometric Information Retrieval System network collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; and daily ozonesondes obtained near Nashville, Tennessee, during SOS‐95. Model performance, as determined by correlation and bias with observations from these four platforms, is significantly improved for both O 3 and CO when the Canadian fires are considered. Both observations and model results show enhanced O 3 from air transported from the Northwest Territory. The model results imply that during the period of strongest fire influence 10 to 30 ppbv enhancement of O 3 throughout a large region of the central and eastern United States was due to these fires. Modeled O 3 increases are sensitive to the NO x /CO emission ratio assumed for the fires, which is highly uncertain and variable. A molar NO x /CO ratio of 0.007 yields model comparisons that are most consistent for O 3 and ΔO 3 /ΔCO observations within aged fire plumes during SOS‐95, and is also consistent with previously observed NO x /CO ratios from boreal fires. For this NO x /CO emission ratio, and considering the entire eastern United States, most of the O 3 increase is associated with the NO x emitted directly by the fires and the photochemical O 3 formation that occurs before the plumes actually reach the United States. However, the in situ oxidation of CO from the Canadian fires with NO x emitted locally leads to significantly higher O 3 increases for high‐NO x ‐emitting regions that are limited by hydrocarbon availability. Thus O 3 in urban areas, or any other region modified by nearby NO x sources, is more sensitive to long‐range fires compared to less populated or polluted regions.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».