Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Pressure drop along the horizontal wells and between the injector and producer could have a significant impact on SAGD process performance. However, this issue is poorly understood due to difficulties in simulating pressure drop. This paper presents the results of a numerical study on the topic. When pressure drop between the injector and producer exists, the downhole vapour production rate must be increased significantly. Without adequate vapour production, the oil production rate is lower and SOR is higher. Increasing the vapour production rate may affect pad facility design as more vapour handling capacity is required under these conditions. On the other hand, pressure drop inside the injection well may also alter steam distribution. However, the impact on oil production is limited as steam can move relatively easily inside the steam chamber. In the present case, oil production is reduced by approximately 5% when a pressure gradient along the injection well is considered. Introduction Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), a thermal process that involves the application of steam and the use of horizontal wells, is a bitumen recovery method used in the Athabasca Oil Sands. The most common implementation involves the use of two horizontal wells drilled parallel to one another with a vertical separation distance of about 5 m. The upper well is known as the injector and the lower well is known as the producer. Through the operation of commercial projects, it has been observed that once steam is injected into the reservoir, a pressure gradient is observed along and between the wells. There have been a number of publications addressing this issue(1, 2). As the SAGD process has been applied to more locations in recent years, considerable interest has been generated around the topic of pressure drop and its effect on SAGD process performance. It is generally understood that a pressure drop across or along the wellbore could result in wells with a non-uniform steam chamber, a reduced effective wellbore length, liquid build-up above the production well or reduced oil production rate.* When a new reservoir is developed, a great effort is required to understand the reservoir characteristics and how to incorporate them into production forecasting models. Petro-Canada is currently expanding their MacKay River project and, in order to develop a better understanding between pressure drop and oil productivity, the field data from their existing project was analyzed so that recommendations could be made to increase the project's productivity. One factor that needs to be addressed for drilling and completion planning is the wellbore size. Larger wellbore size results in more uniform steam distribution in the injection well and increased productivity from the production well. However, a larger wellbore size incurs a higher cost. In some existing wells, it was found that liquid build-up was occurring due to limited lifting capacity. In addition, a larger pressure drop between the injector and the producer has been observed.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».