Experimental Investigation of Vapor Extraction Process for the Recovery of Bitumen From Vuggy Porous Media
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The application of VAPEX process was carried out in sintered homogeneous and vuggy porosity media with different matrix permeability and porosity, to investigate the behavior of vapor extraction process in vuggy media as a potential recovery process. The VAPEX experiments were conducted using Cold Lake bitumen, and n-pentane as the hydrocarbon solvent. Seven different models were made, four of which were vugular media with different vuggy-to-total pore volume ratios. The vugs were arranged in aligned and staggered configurations. Three homogeneous sintered glass beads models of different permeability and porosity were also made. The vugs in sintered models were created by embedding wood particles of uniform volume (20 mm3 each) in the glass beads continuum between two parallel glass plates and by heating them in the muffle furnace. During the VAPEX experiments, analysis of the live and dead oil production rates, solvent content, and residual oil were conducted. It was observed that the vugs could appreciably facilitate the production of bitumen from the vuggy models compared to the homogeneous model with the same matrix glass bead size. The increase in the vug porosity of the porous space significantly increased the live and dead oil production rates of bitumen and slightly decreased the extent of residual oil saturation left in the model. Unlike the sintered homogeneous models in which the production rate of bitumen remains more or less constant during the VAPEX process, the vuggy porosity models display a boost in the rate of oil production when several vugs are being invaded by the solvent vapor. This behavior was more pronounced in the case of aligned vugs were the vugs were closer to each other and more vugs were invaded simultaneously compared to the staggered vug configuration. The enhanced pore-level mixing of solvent with bitumen, improved petrophysical properties of the porous medium, and the flow communication of matrix with the vugs were found to be important in draining the live oil towards the production well at higher rates.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».