Pulsed Water Injection During Waterflooding
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract During a half-year field test a novel method was applied for water injection during waterflooding in a weakly consolidated, heavy oil reservoir (90–120 cP). The injection has been combined with a hydraulic pulsing tool downhole in the injection well to provide additional dynamic pressure pulses on the order of 4–17 bar, with 5–6 pulses per minute. The technology has been developed in Canada and applied successfully, especially as a well stimulation technique in order to initiate or stimulate oil production with sand coproduction. The first objective was to see whether pulsing would be beneficial for the efficiency of the injection process. Furthermore, laboratory experiments and theoretical developments suggest that pulsing might improve the sweep efficiency of the flooding pattern. Hence, the promise of this technique would be potentially faster and higher oil recovery during waterflooding. In the design of the field test it was chosen to keep the total water injection rate on the same level as before pulsing was applied, on the order of 110 m3/d. The rationale behind this decision was that previous experience in the field has shown that higher injection rates resulted in pressurization of the reservoir and increased fingering. In addition, the fixed injection rate allowed us to focus on improvements in sweep efficiency, without correcting production figures for the higher injection rate. Pressure Pulse Technology (PPT) was applied without any significant operational problems for half a year although severe corrosion problems unrelated to the PPT project were uncovered after the trial. Injection and production performance has been monitored before, during and after the test. When pulsing started, injection pressure dropped, and even after the pulsing stopped a lower wellhead pressure has been measured. With constant injection rate this shows an improvement in injectivity. It also indicates a significant reduction in near wellbore skin factor or possible improved injection conformance. The injection water used is considered dirty and potentially deteriorates injectivity over the life of the well. Indications are that injection pressure is now slowly building up again following the trial. Improvements in production have not been confirmed by this field trial. The accuracy and repeatability of the production measurements have not assisted in identifying the potential effect. However, the field trial results have enabled us to recognize the potential use of the technology for an efficient high-rate injection strategy. Possibly this would avoid injection under fracturing conditions. We outline situations where such applications would be desirable. Higher injection rate and more efficient pulsed injection potentially lead to improved recovery, although actual improvements need to be assessed with further tests.
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».