First Report of Powdery Mildew on <i>Pyrus calleryana</i> Caused by <i>Podosphaera leucotricha</i>
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne.) is native to Asia and its varieties are planted as ornamentals in urban areas worldwide. It is also used as a source of resistance to fireblight in some breeding programs. In April 2007, symptoms of powdery mildew infection were observed on the foliage of almost every P. calleryana cv. Chanticleer tree planted along a 1.5-km road in Budapest, Hungary. These trees were planted 5 to 6 years ago and were the first callery pears used as ornamentals in Hungary. Powdery mildew infections were also detected on P. calleryana trees planted in other parts of the city. White powdery mildew mycelium appeared on the lower and sometimes upper leaf surfaces, especially on young shoots, and caused chlorotic spots on the upper leaf surfaces and severe distortions of leaves. The spread of the infection was monitored between April and August of 2007 in several sample sites. More than 100 trees that were examined became heavily infected by May 2007. Powdery mildew conidiophores were typical of the genus Oidium subgen. Fibroidium, the anamorph of the teleomorph genus Podosphaera (2). Conidia developed in chains, contained fibrosin bodies, germinated at one of their ends with germ tubes terminating in unlobed appressoria, and measured 16 to 27 × 10 to 15 μm. Hyphal appressoria were nipple shaped or inconspicuous. The teleomorph was not found. To precisely identify the pathogen, DNA was extracted from conidia collected with a sterile brush from a single leaf using a Qiagen DNeasy Plant Kit (Hilden, Germany), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the ribosomal DNA was amplified and determined as described by Szentiványi et al. (3). The ITS sequence, deposited in GenBank under Accession No. EU148597, was identical to those determined in Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. & Ev.) Salmon collected from apple in Australia (GenBank Accession No. AF073353) and Canada (GenBank Accession No. AY157844) and also from pear in Canada (GenBank Accession No. AY157845). Thus, the pathogen was identified as Podosphaera leucotricha on the basis of the host genus, morphology of the anamorph, and ITS sequence. Specimens were deposited under Accession No. BPI878262 at the U.S. National Fungus Collection. To our knowledge, Podosphaera leucotricha has not been reported on P. calleryana in any parts of the world so far. An Oidium sp. infecting this plant in Australia was listed by Amano (1), but the exact identity of that fungus is not known. Thus, this is the first report of an identified powdery mildew fungus on P. calleryana. References: (1) K. Amano. Host Range and Geographical Distribution of the Powdery Mildew Fungi. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, 1986. (2) U. Braun et al. Pages 13-55 in: The Powdery Mildews: A Comprehensive Treatise. R. R Bélanger et al., eds. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 2002. (3) O. Szentiványi et al. Mycol. Res. 109:429, 2005.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».