Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Reservoir Permeability and Drainage Height Effects on the Solvent-Diluted Heavy Oil Gravity Drainage
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Solvent-based enhanced heavy oil recovery techniques are promising alternatives to thermal-based methods. A better understanding of the solvent-diluted heavy oil gravity drainage is important to practical field-scale applications of the solvent-based heavy oil recovery processes. In particular, the transmissibility, which is defined as the product of the absolute permeability k and pay-zone thickness h of an oil reservoir, is an important parameter to affect the solvent-diluted heavy oil gravity drainage. In this paper, a series of experimental tests were conducted in a visual high-pressure physical model to study the permeability effect. The physical model was packed with the Ottawa sands of different sizes to obtain different absolute permeabilities in the range of k = 7–54 Darcy. The original heavy oil sample collected from the Lloydminster area in Canada was used to saturate the sand-packed physical model and pure propane was used to extract the heavy oil. The drainage height effect was studied by performing the solvent-diluted heavy oil gravity drainage tests in another visual physical model with a different drainage height. The produced heavy oil and solvent were collected and recorded in each test. The produced oil samples obtained at different times were flashed and the flashed-off heavy oil viscosities were measured. It was found that heavy oil was produced much faster in a higher permeability physical model with a larger drainage height. A new correlation was developed to take account of the reservoir permeability and drainage height effects (i.e., the transmissibility effect) on the heavy oil production. In addition, the average produced solvent–oil ratio (SOR) was determined to be in the range of 0.3–0.6 g solvent/g heavy oil. The average SOR was increased as the reservoir permeability and drainage height were decreased. It was also found that the produced heavy oil viscosity was reduced significantly. Furthermore, numerical simulations were undertaken by using CMG STARS module to match the experimental results. This study provides much-needed physical and practical understanding of the solvent-based heavy oil recovery.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».