Jonathan Campbell Meakins

Meakins was the second physician in Canada formally trained in electrocardiography.He played a significant role in introducing the ''new cardiology'' into his homeland just before World War I. 1,2,3 Meakins was born in 1882 in Hamilton, Ontario, where he got his preliminary and pre-university education.After receiving a medical degree from McGill University in 1904, he spent 2 years as an intern at Montreal's Royal Victoria Hospital.This was the beginning of a prolonged period of postgraduate training that was far more comprehensive than that undertaken by most North American medical graduates at the time.Meakins moved to Baltimore in 1906, where he spent 1 year as a resident in medicine at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.He arrived at Hopkins shortly after fellow Canadian William Osler left the institution to become Regius Professor of Medicine at Oxford.From 1907 to 1910, Meakins served as resident pathologist under Eugene Opie at Presbyterian Hospital in New York City.In 1910, Meakins returned to McGill, where he advanced quickly through the ranks.Beginning as a demonstrator in bacteriology and medicine, he was appointed director of the new department of experimental medicine just 2 years later.He was also appointed assistant physician at the Royal Victoria Hospital.Because there were no full-time clinical faculty positions at this time he also worked as an assistant in Charles F. Martin's private practice.Martin, a professor of medicine at McGill and physician to the Royal Victoria Hospital, was an influential mentor who catalyzed Meakins' Canadian career before and after World War I.He also helped place his young associate in London-then the center of ''new cardiology.''Historian Christopher Lawrence explains that Martin asked Thomas Lewis and James Mackenzie if his prot ég é could study under them in the metropolis.They agreed, and McGill granted Meakins a leave of absence that provided him with an opportunity to learn electrocardiography, a new tool that would soon revolutionize cardiac physiology and catalyze the invention of cardiology as a medical specialty.4,5 Lewis, originally from Wales, was the leading electrocardiographer in the English-speaking world in 1914 and would mentor several first generation cardiologists.Mackenzie, originally a Scottish general practitioner, was especially interested in abnormal heart rhythms and cardiac symptoms.His books on various aspects of heart disease helped define the emerging specialty of cardiology.When Meakins was working with Lewis, 2 other men from North America were also studying with him.Thomas Cotton was another

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