The Production Success of Proppant Stimulation on Horseshoe Canyon Coal Bed Methane and Sandstone Commingled Wells
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract North American demand for natural gas has resulted in attractive commodity pricing and thus a renewed interest in unconventional reserve exploration in Canada. Recent activity in Coal Bed Methane (CBM), or Natural Gas from Coal (NGC), has yielded two primary exploration targets that are promising; one of which is the Horseshoe Canyon coal. The family of Horseshoe Canyon Coals is shallow and range in depths from about 150 m (492 ft) to 850 m (2,789 ft). Even though broadly referenced as Horseshoe Canyon, the stratigraphic range of the coal is from the Edmonton down to the Belly River formations which includes the Horseshoe Canyon formation. These coals are better described as seams or stringers and are most frequently between 0.5 m and 1.5 m in thickness and generally no more than 3.0 m (9.8 ft) in thickness. Reservoir pressures at these depths average from 1,700 kPa (250 psi) to 3,500 kPa (510 psi). Production varies due to the commingling of up to 30 stringers per well bore and total well bore production ranges from 1 Em3/day (35 Mscf/day) to 18 Em3/day (636 Mscf/day). Horseshoe Canyon coals are generally accepted to be of very low water saturation, low gas production rates and produce little to no insitu water production upon completion. The most common completion technique is the sequential stimulation of each stringer by the use of coiled tubing. Marginal gas production and intolerance to completion fluids has resulted in evolution of fracturing systems including binary foamed water, CO2 / N2 proppant, conventional borate water, some hydrocarbon based and pure proppantless nitrogen systems pumped at high rates. Several issues that are dealt with in this extended abstract include concurrent sandstone and coal perforating and stimulation, and a method for comparing coal to coal and coal to sand production. This paper will be used to examine the incremental sandstone contribution to the overall production of the well. Effect of sanding off the well will be examined as to its impact on production. The objective of this extended abstract is to present findings of an 18 well pilot study in an ongoing 90 well case study completed in a Horseshoe Canyon development near Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. An extended abstract submission is being chosen, and more updated data will be presented at the conference. Introduction Coal Bed Methane (CBM) development has increased dramatically over the last five years. A resource that was once often ignored in favor of more conventional hydrocarbon production has grown from 510 drilled wells in 2003 to a forecast 1,350 wells in 2004. The first 120 days of 2005 have licensed 425 new drills with a projection for the 2005 calendar year ranging from 1,500 to 3,000 new drills. Figure 1 illustrates the rate of CBM drilling in the province of Alberta, Canada over this time period using well defined public sources. This information as well as that following does not involve any confidential information. Total CBM production has risen from a modest 8.6 103m3/day at the beginning of January, 2003 to 3,198 103m3/day at the beginning of January, 2005.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».