P1-S1.14 Is HIV prevalence declining in Southern India? Evidence from two rounds of general population surveys in Bagalkot District, Karnataka
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background As a part of the evaluation of Avahan, the India AIDS initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken in the general population of Bagalkot district, Karnataka state, South India, in 2009. This replicated an earlier survey in 2003 that had examined HIV prevalence and risk behaviours. Methods The repeat survey in 2009 was conducted in the same rural and urban areas as the 2003 study. The study covered 10 rural villages and 20 urban blocks of three of the six talukas (sub-district units) in the district. In both surveys, a target sample of 6600 adult males and females was selected. Urine and blood samples were collected from all consenting participants for HIV and STI testing. An individual was deemed HIV positive, if positive on two different tests. We compared HIV and STI prevalence in 2003 and 2009. We also examined the age-specific distribution of HIV prevalence among rural and urban males and females at both time points. These analyses used logistic regression that considers survey design to adjust for characteristics of the population that may have changed between the two rounds. Results Overall, HIV prevalence in the district declined from 3.16% in 2003 to 2.58% in 2009, although this decline was not statistically significant (OR=0.82, p=0.278). The prevalence of active syphilis was <1% and was similar in both periods. A slight decline in the prevalence of HSV-2 was observed over the period, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was a significant decline observed in HIV prevalence among persons aged 15–24, among persons below 30 years in urban areas, and among all women younger than 20 years of age (Abstract P1-S1.14 table 1). Among rural males aged 40 and above, we observed a significant increase in HIV prevalence from 0.71 to 5.33 (Abstract P1-S1.14 table 1), a level similar to that found in the younger age group in 2003. Abstract P1-S1.14 Table 1 HIV prevalence and adjusted OR among selected population groups Sub-group Round 1, 2003 (%) Round 2, 2009 (%) Adjusted OR, 2009 vs 2003 (95% CI) p Value Overall 3.16 2.58 0.82 (0.57 to 1.18) 0.278 Age 15–24 2.4 1.26 0.54 (0.30 to 0.96) 0.038 Age 15–29, urban 2.04 0.77 0.36 (0.20 to 0.63) 0.001 Age 15–19, female 2.25 0.49 0.15 (0.04 to 0.61) 0.009 Age 40+, rural males 0.71 5.33 13.80 (2.59 to 73.45) 0.006 Conclusion We observed a downward overall trend in HIV prevalence in Bagalkot district over the period examined, and a significant decline in HIV prevalence among younger age groups, where HIV prevalence more closely reflects incidence. The increase in HIV prevalence among older rural males may have been due to a cohort effect, as they aged over time. This may also have in part reflected increased survival in those age groups, as a result of the scaling-up of antiretroviral treatment programs throughout the state.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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