The Practices of Mapping

For the past three decades Denis Wood has explored the
\nnature and power of maps; how maps are designed, used,
\nand understood, the role of maps in society; and
\ncartographic theory more broadly. His collaboration
\nwith John Fels, The Natures of Maps, furthers this project
\nand seeks to detail both the nature of maps and the nature
\nof maps. For Wood and Fels, ontological thinking
\nabout cartography has been fixated on the nature of
\nmaps. They illustrate this argument with reference to
\nArthur Robinson and J.B. Harley, two cartographic
\ntheorists with very different ideas about the ontology of
\nmaps – maps as objective truths and maps as social
\nconstructions. Wood and Fels argue that, despite their
\ndifferences, Robinson and Harley both conceive of a map
\nas having an inherent truth (they note that for Harley the
\nmap itself remains ideologically neutral, with ideology
\nbound to the subject of the map and not the map itself).
\nWood and Fels reject this position to argue that the
\nmap itself, its very make-up and construction – its selfpresentation
\nand design, its symbol set and categorization,
\nits attendant text and supporting discourse – is ideologically
\nloaded to convey a particular message. In so doing, a
\nmap does not simply represent the world, it produces the
\nworld. To illustrate their argument, they use the example
\nof the nature of a map – how the supposedly neutral,
\nobjective natural world is produced by maps –
\nto demonstrate how maps produce nature rather than
\nreflect it.

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