Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Drs Blackburn, Szostak and Greider for their discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase. This minireview series consisting of three independent reviews discusses different aspects of this research, an area fuelling clinical applications in various human diseases including ageing and cancer. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 was jointly awarded to Drs Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak in recognition of their cutting-edge discoveries about how the chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase. Telomeres and telomerase are essential for preserving genome integrity and stability. Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes and telomerase is the enzyme (a reverse transcriptase) responsible for their synthesis and elongation. Degradation of chromosomal ends without sufficient telomeres is detrimental and represents the underlying mechanism behind various human diseases, including ageing and cancer. As a result, research on telomeres and telomerase has increased dramatically over recent decades, with an upsurge of interest in unravelling the functions of telomeres and telomerase. This minireview series aims to summarize current knowledge of telomere biology. The three independent articles cover different facets of telomere research, from telomere medical biology and the implications for human diseases, to biogenesis and regulation of the telomerase holoenzyme complex, and to the roles of telomerase in cancer progression. The first minireview by Kong and colleagues focuses on the role of telomeres and telomere-associated proteins in the pathogenesis of human diseases, emphasizing the importance of proper telomere maintenance. Accumulating experimental data support the idea that telomeres are causally linked to various human genetic and metabolic diseases, as well as to cancer. The last few decades have witnessed remarkable advances in our understanding of this association at the molecular level. The minireview discusses the evidence that links telomere dysfunction to the diseases, as well as how defects in telomere maintenance contribute to disease manifestation. Our understanding of the human telomerase holoenzyme complex has vastly improved subsequent to its discovery by Blackburn and Greider in 1985. In the second minireview, Hukezalie and Wong focus on the biogenesis and regulation of this enzyme complex. After description of the structures of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase component (TERT) and telomerase RNA component (TER), the intricate structure–activity relationship of TERT and TER is discussed. The dynamic cellular pathways for the biogenesis and regulation of the telomerase holoenzyme, and the synthesis of telomerase-mediated telomeric repeats, are also covered. As a result of many years of intensive research, it has become more apparent that the activation of telomerase is a major step in the progression of human cancers. Telomeres normally shorten with each cell division in the absence of telomerase, although cancerous cells are able to avoid this fate and extend their survival. In the third minireview, Ding and colleagues focus on the role of telomerase activation in cancer progression, highlighting the telomere-independent mechanisms of telomerase in several essential cellular functions. These include the regulation of gene expression, mitochondrial function, cell survival and transformation, as well as the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of human cells. This minireview series provides an overview of current and future prospects of telomere biology that will be of considerable interest to both scientists and clinicians. Building on our understanding of telomere biology, scientists and clinicians are continually seeking new ways of using telomeres and telomerase as potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Xueying Wang was awarded a specialist degree in biochemistry from the University of Toronto, supported by the Economic Developmental Board of Singapore and Glaxo Wellcome. After obtaining her PhD in 2006, she joined Professor Elizabeth Blackburn's laboratory where she held a Susan Komen Breast Cancer Foundation fellowship. Dr X. Wang has won many awards, including the AACR-MERCK award, and was appointed the Principal Investigator in the National University of Singapore in 2008 to further research on telomeres and telomerase in human genome integrity protection for the treatment of cancer and ageing disorders.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».