Aqueous Phase Surfactant Selective Shape Controlled Synthesis of Lead Sulfide Nanocrystals
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Aqueous phase synthesis at 80 °C was carried out to synthesize lead sulfide (PbS) nanocrystals (NC) and microcrystals (MC) by using cationic twin-tail surfactants (TTS) such as 12-0-12, 10-2-10, 12-2-12, and 14-2-14 as capping agents in the concentration range from 0.1 −to 2 mM. The effect of hydrophobicity on the shape and size of PbS NC was evaluated by choosing DTAB as a reference surfactant for all TTS. TEM micrographs of PbS MC synthesized in the presence of DTAB indicated the formation of star-shaped MC with sizes between 3 −and 5 μm. An increase in the hydrophobicity, by introducing another tail in the basic structure of DTAB to make 12-0-12, significantly controlled the shape and size and lead to the formation of well-defined nanocubes and spheres 50−100 nm in size. Similarly, the effect of the hydrocarbon tail length on the shape controlled synthesis of PbS NC was systematically evaluated. Pyrene fluorescence measurements were used to determine the variation in the degree of hydrophobicity with respect to both chemical structure as well as concentration of TTS. It was concluded that a stronger hydrophobic character and higher concentration produced well-defined geometries of PbS NC. No significant concentration effect within a range of 0.1−2 mM DTAB and 10-2-10 was observed on the morphology of PbS NC probably due to a much weaker hydrophobicity of these surfactants. An attempt was made to present all TEM results in a schematic phase diagram. This phase diagram provided the best correlation between the shape and the size of PbS NC and the surfactant parameters (i.e., hydrophobicity and concentration effects). Apart from this, shape dependence UV−vis absorbance was also noted and discussed in context with an overall preview of all shapes of PbS NC/MC obtained. The shape controlled synthesis of PbS NC was obtained due to the preferential adsorption of TTS on the {111} crystal planes that directed the overall growth predominantly at the {100} planes. FTIR measurements were used to evaluate the adsorption of TTS on the PbS surface. A large shift in the stretching vibrations of TTS head functional groups suggested their orientation toward the PbS surface. This was further supported by the high-resolution XPS spectra of C 1s and N 1s of adsorbed TTS on the PbS surface. An effective interfacial adsorption of TTS on the surface of PbS NC driven by a stronger hydrophobic character is the key to achieve controlled PbS NC growth at the nanoscale.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».