Budgetary impact of the utilization of buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual film and tablet for Medicaid in the United States
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
OBJECTIVES: The buprenorphine/naloxone combination for the treatment of opioid dependence is available in a film or tablet formulation. Recent retrospective studies demonstrated that treatment with the sublingual film formulation is associated with improved treatment retention and lower healthcare costs. In March 2013, generic buprenorphine/naloxone tablets were approved in the US. A budget impact model was built to compare healthcare expenditures for different market shares of sublingual film and tablet. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to track a cohort of opioid dependent patients treated with sublingual film or tablet through the following treatment phases: initiation, maintenance, discontinuation, off-treatment and reinitiation. Transition probabilities and costs for each phase were estimated from the MarketScan Medicaid database for the period between 1 March 2010 and 30 June 2012. The total expenditure for the plan and expenditure per plan member per month were predicted over 5 years. Two market share scenarios were considered: 1) sublingual film is progressively replaced by generic tablet (current situation) and 2) the sublingual film holds a market share of 100%. RESULTS: Predicted total costs over 5 years were $6400 million when the sublingual film holds a market share of 100% (as per Scenario 2) which is lower than when sublingual film is progressively replaced by generic tablet (current situation as per Scenario 1) by $64 million. These savings were mostly driven by inpatient care ($56 million saved over 5 years), followed by emergency room care ($27 million) and pharmaceutical costs ($24 million). Costs of outpatient care attenuated the difference as they were predicted to be higher by $44 million in Scenario 2. The reduction in total cost per member per month reached $0.027 in the fifth year. Results were most sensitive to price rebates and to the probability of non-psychiatric hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: While using the sublingual film formulation for more patients treated with buprenorphine/naloxone is predicted to increase outpatient care costs, it would generate savings in emergency care and hospitalizations. In the treatment of opioid dependence, total direct medical costs for Medicaid would be lower for sublingual film treated patients, at current drug prices.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».