Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The study that forms the basis for this article revisits and substantially updates my earlier work on Inuit names and naming experiences, within the framework of a politics of naming. I have been developing the sub-discipline of political onomastics, or politics of naming, since the early 1980s. Inuit experiences with decades of colonialist-Outsider interventions provide a case study within which to examine the political implications of naming and renaming. 'There is no social agent who does not aspire ... to have the power to name and to create the world through naming', wrote the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1991: 105). He called official naming 'a symbolic act of imposition [that makes] the state the holder of the monopoly of legitimate symbolic violence' (Bourdieu 1991: 239). The experience of Inuit in Canada is both unique and universal. While the particular religious institutions, individuals, and ways of bestowing missionary-given (baptismal, Christian) names and the renaming programme called 'Project Surname' were unique to Canadian experience, there are similar reidentification programmes elsewhere in the Arctic and in virtually every part of the world. Inuit Naming Traditions Names are the heart and soul of Inuit culture. Over the years, visitors have studied and observed, praised and criticised, confused and distorted, regulated and registered, revised and amended Inuit names. In the intricate, multi-layered Inuit naming system, names are passed from one generation to the next to commemorate and continue the lives of members of the community. The name can belong to a male in one generation and a female in another. What is crucial is that it continue to be passed along the multi-generational continuum. As Minnie Aodla Freeman (1978: 50) explains: 'Our belief is that no one really dies until someone is named after the dead person. So, to leave the dead in peace and to prevent their spirits from being scattered all over the community, we give their names to the newborn. The minds of the people do not rest until the dead have been renamed'. A child is not a complete person until he or she receives an atiq - a namesake name. The whole naming system is based on sauniq - namesake commemoration so powerful it amounts to a form of reincarnation. The namesake, or atiq, can continue life through many people of either gender. When a child is named, he or she becomes the sauniq or 'bone' of all those who have shared that name. People linked by names are bound together in a complex and permanent set of relationships. The namesake ties are so strong that kinship terms, dress, and behaviour often follow the relationship rather than the individual's biological sex. Napatchie Akeego MacRae described how cross-gender naming worked in her family (Alia 2005: 5-8): 'A lot of the names are about a hundred years old that I know of ... My father's sisters call me Akeego. When I was born, [a man] had just recently died ... called Napatchie [pronounced 'Napat-see'] ... Napatchie was a man - the person I'm named after - his relatives call me his younger brother'. Her identities are even more complicated because, in addition to being a 'younger brother', she is also a 'younger sister': 'My middle name is Akeewok, after my dad's youngest sister ... My grandfather showed his love towards me more than towards my other siblings because I was named after his youngest daughter'. Her biological family treats her as female, but the family whose brother is her namesake treats her as male: 'The older brother would ask me if I want to go hunting with him, or catch my first caribou or seal ... but the way I saw myself, I was more female, so I didn't want to do that. It's kind of hard to explain how it really works'. Alexina Kublu tells a story that shows the strength of the namesake connection. Her daughter's namesake died in a plane crash, but her daughter was never told about it. When my daughter was about eleven, we were flying down to Winnipeg from Rankin and it was pretty turbulent. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».